英语专业八级人文知识资料(5)

会计考友

　　英国概况
　　练习题：
9 _: |/ U" ]$ E9 _$ W! d7 `4 n　　1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
8 N3 ?5 ]+ |; h* w1 `8 J/ }& f　　A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
. x5 @/ R' L. y6 A* {/ @　　B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
7 j) r0 ?  q, ^　　C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
4 b+ O- U. \) E( W8 M; k0 [4 l2 }　　D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
　　2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
　　A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
1 h; Q7 v: v& c0 m0 x- l　　3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
7 x; j. }" I1 T+ c　　A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
　　C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
　　4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
　　A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
, b" B; X6 y4 [6 G( g* e) h9 r　　C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
　　5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
　　A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
　　6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
7 v% L4 {2 W6 \/ O4 C8 J$ m　　A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
7 [+ p7 l- m5 Z  S5 B; T1 x　　7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
# v  g. N) o4 h" f4 z　　A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill
　　8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
　　A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
$ `# l) \' `3 M4 Y- R3 V' f　　9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
　　A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election
　　10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
( M. Y5 P% \% P　　A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
5 u! e7 r+ q+ q* a7 A( w, M  a; Y) {　　练习题答案及题解:
; K& `4 Y5 B4 b7 b" `　　1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
　　2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
　　3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
. n8 F5 |& f: y7 [) `7 h" o) l/ r' S　　4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
　　5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
　　6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
　　7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
& \- Y+ w6 s& I* q. \. f* j) Y3 N　　8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
　　9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
+ C+ ?0 u4 T. W% J5 j* W- o　　10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。