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[专八辅导] 英语专业八级人文知识资料(6)

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发表于 2012-8-14 11:35:50 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  英国概况
+ I. _2 C5 I5 E. _1 i, ?1 t  练习题:. z3 }* y; H6 b5 n
  1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?+ a- V! u# P/ o+ O4 I( g
  A 650 B 524 C 72 D 6511 S' X) p* H9 o$ R- }, S
  2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
9 _5 \% O2 y" Q$ J  A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major" b9 _0 Q8 q9 A' m0 Y5 }
  3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
9 _; c) k1 Z& h# o/ \) J  A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament4 i% O) l, q" q" u2 `( Q) [
  C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
# X6 ]" y* ]) t  T8 h7 ~+ Y  4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
, b- G1 d+ W% o8 u  A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party7 a1 [4 E- {5 ?& \. g
  C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party8 P, Y5 Y$ A( {0 f4 T
  5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
# l& A4 a+ C. t# T( s  A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
$ J9 ?. e: B! O0 _% o4 n) ?  6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.! ~6 m1 w. V, c( X& a
  A political B educational C military D economic
6 C7 W- H7 X) f* i+ i. ]  7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
' f/ j) q0 f# p& p# ?9 O" Z: K  A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
% D5 W, v! @, W- [* N) H6 V% [  8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
. @/ d" i: z. g  A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding& U% W0 F7 o6 O2 q6 e! z, @
  9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe# X$ V. H: M: x8 Z
  10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
. H2 N5 W' F! m0 h4 X7 [. O+ R: ?  A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution
$ W7 p! F! c9 t; ?) M& s  C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
. D- i+ @, F+ K8 `1 H5 ~  练习题答案及题解:
) v( R3 y5 }9 v, d9 u; P  1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。0 |, A' _, _8 C; B0 q- S
  2 C, 撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本人受重伤阵亡,号称 Viscount Nelson。
! c0 b: d! _! C% A. Q) \  r0 b% o  3 A, 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。. ^: V: Y0 v  V6 ^/ [, z" p) N
  4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
( R, [: o# X$ N  5 B, 在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。6 G( X/ D  L7 S& a
  6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。# k+ u* P/ U# c% y1 e5 D
  7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
' h4 U- a  v% P1 H* ~; L4 H) L$ i" @  8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。7 T8 n# }  t6 o" L1 e/ }  W
  9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。, ~5 ~. Z' C3 _
  10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。
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