英国概况! j" }( _7 q$ r; s- @: O; E* Y. }2 f+ ]: B
练习题:: g0 c9 u+ X5 ^
1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?% J* y' l% m" ^7 j
A 650 B 524 C 72 D 6515 |* P+ p* P% X# t% K: U/ O' M
2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
& |: v; m! l( N0 j9 X A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major4 e; P/ z4 Q+ X p
3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
' u5 b0 v) X% s& K( `* L A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament: e1 o- g- N* o0 Q
C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
* n1 K0 X# |: l0 M5 M$ E 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
9 a! h$ m% N" U7 E- J. P) |* _ A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party" k. w& ^8 {1 a& Q, J r- p9 \( P
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party- b* q+ ?) Y9 ^4 X N
5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
8 K; X3 ]( a' K: G6 t7 u/ t- } A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
- G6 U5 W; Z" h2 l' g9 A' G- h 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.5 n" n/ H3 T* f7 v; I
A political B educational C military D economic
- j5 Y- p+ V3 p 7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.7 `" h# N( v+ C4 Y& [
A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition( p% r; _ X- R- k' [
8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.& [" k: R! v+ m4 c( ^& R1 ^! A' p
A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
7 W- C1 }! T1 q( ? 9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
2 j' s' d- L# O# \ 10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism./ V, w) Q, q X
A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution
+ w* Z0 \- a; v L" ~7 B# R! t C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution" w4 l, S) I% {4 s! J$ T
练习题答案及题解:! w: _9 d& @6 x! w; T
1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。- U0 [+ F0 w+ f$ s. c
2 C, 撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本人受重伤阵亡,号称 Viscount Nelson。
$ n h% }6 @+ p9 d* h4 p* V 3 A, 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。5 E4 a6 k. G) Q' F2 [7 a: M
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。6 w/ U, z1 Z8 O$ ~6 M2 e1 Q* P! W
5 B, 在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。8 e5 U5 u/ ]1 o! \! l; l4 C0 z
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
( R( d" P, n: }, G# l- { 7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
; @: n, P o) P' M. U' C( o: {0 A- q 8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
3 ?+ p8 Q$ M+ z- S0 h8 v9 B7 i 9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。& p' B/ a( ^+ J1 d, U1 W0 C' k
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。 |