第一节 改写句子( `6 ~8 ^- G' ~
改写句子最基本的要求是保证改写后的句子和原句的意思大体相同,以填空的形式命题,考生需填补空白并使补全的句子与原句意思一致。要求考生要仔细阅读原句,准确理解其含,将原句和目标句相互比较,才能找出需要补全的内容,保证改写正确。* A: T( g; H) N8 U9 d
1.There be句型6 l# L; ^8 j# _7 _1 I) R5 T
基本结构为:There be+(数字)+名词+表示方位或范围的介词短语+(时间状语),了解了这一基本结构,就能找出句中应该进行转换或补全的内容。如Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以转换为Therewere many Chinese friends at the party.显然,原句中表示地点的词party在目标句中没有出现,我们补入一个介词短语即可。0 S) F1 w1 ^; u
There be句型还可以与含有have的句子相互转换。如There are two chairs in my bedroom.可以转换为I have two chairs in my bedroom.目标句所有场景都与原句相同,所以只能将其转换为由have表示的所属形式。
2 S3 x4 I. p7 a+ b* L. w" D. J 2.it句型
( s$ I/ y2 a0 ?& c" Z- f1 I! U7 x 基本结构为It is+形容词+to do sth.,可以改为Doing sth.is+形容词。5 H- T) a9 O7 @6 r, n, w( Z* m) ] F
强调句型通常强调人、物或时间。将it引导的强调句型转换为非强调句型也是经常考查的一项内容。如
. m! T4 ~& }3 L0 p2 C5 l It is ten o’clock when the film will start.可以转换为The film wilt start at ten o’clock.
( x0 f2 d' S/ x2 o 3.主动句与被动句的相互转换
1 C8 P& [6 s" E7 ~9 w 在比较原句与目标句时,如果发现其中一句的宾语变成了另一句的主语,或介词by后面的名词变成了另一句的主语,基本就可以确定这是一个主动句与被动句的相互转换。如Mike was given a lot of presents by his( V3 m* O, ^3 x6 m, `
friends.转换为Mike’S friends gave him a lot of presents.
5 R, a$ C: Y8 j' z, x" R! e) z/ d2 I 4.直接引语与间接引语的相互转换
0 J$ x; d) A$ _4 Z+ V: J 这两种句子的转换比较明显,原句和目标句中,有一句会出现引号,另一句没有引号,依此可以确定这是直接引语与间接引语的相互转换。如Dad asked me where I was going to go.转换为Dad asked,“Where are you going to go?”' b7 I$ ~: Q( k" ?5 ]% ]" n" ?0 g
第二节书面表达
6 q3 |0 x- f; P# w. s# P$ K 本节书面表达采用“情景作文”的形式。题目的设计者首先用简单的文字为考生提供了写作情景,然后又明确提出对考生的具体要求,即需要完成的任务。写作材料一般为应用文。& D: N( I- J0 c! ?! G
下表是2004.9—2008.3写作材料的类型总结:
! E3 [5 y0 B" k( h/ p' k. I: Q 从上表可以看出,书信类作文在历年PETS一级考试的真题中所占的比例最大,而且信函的内容都很贴近实际生活,这也放映出PETS一级写作部分的特点:注重实用性。这就要求考生在平常的练习中,要对此类作文多加训练。下面是对常考的几种应用文的格式介绍:1 M9 w! x b' C' ?7 f* ^
1.书信(Letter)# U: `5 T- h+ `+ S& E3 V
书信的格式是:信头(发信人的地址和日期),位于信纸的右上角;信内地址(收信人的地址,私人信件可省去),位于左边信头下两行;称呼,位于信内地址下;正文,位于弥呼下,缩进两个字符;结尾,位于正文右边下两行;署名,位于结尾下。如:2 }* k" r9 @& u/ Q- `1 i/ X
No. 4. Jianguo Rd. Shanghai April 24th. 20082 B3 v C6 m( C5 N9 ^
Dear Sister,
3 e+ `- [; v5 Q- j9 Z/ G It has been half a year since you left home. I miss you very much. Luckily, I' ll come to Guangzhou to attenda meeting on May 10th. The meeting will last five days. I will come to see you during my staying in Guangzhou andwe can have a good talk.$ |* P- Q. u6 ?3 V7 f7 F. d) v
I’m looking forward to seeing you !
6 f X# s; I' h7 R- _- ~* k5 X" E Yours. Xiao Ming
0 k8 N: M8 N( e5 H1 q 2.请假条(Request for leave)
' b* ] Z3 I* I- t9 \+ d 请假条常采用书信格式,比较正式,需写明日期、称呼、结尾和请假人的姓名.正文一定要写明请假的原因。
! t2 }1 I! |% Z, ^( j( Z 如:, i$ u: L/ B8 Y. X) D, \0 Z( A
5th Sept. 2008
# c2 H: L1 A+ J* w5 I' P! Q Dear Mr. Zhang,) H* [4 S/ N; j6 k2 s
I' m feeling very sad today and can not come to work. The doctor advised me to stay in bed for a few days.
6 t) u* }. s/ Q. ]+ V W3 C Now I' m writing to ask for sick leave of three days. I'll come back to work as soon as I feel better.
9 d3 D% [& i9 y" P. T Yours truly, Wang Ying5 W3 c a4 D4 i. |+ ^
3.留言条(Message left)! H$ G6 W) I0 f# I- W/ Z3 Z
一般用于熟人之间在某一场合直接留言。留言时往往简明扼要,格式也较简单。日期可写年、月、日,也可写星期几、上下午或几点钟。称呼语中Dear可用可省。名字,般只用姓或名,如双方不熟悉,也可用全名。语言特点是用词随便通俗.比较接近口语。如:& P h! j$ C% q% N4 ~ Z2 q1 ]
3 p.m. Oct. 4" J- [9 G9 z6 c" p n+ t1 M' X
Mei,
( y; f! k! ]: c" u I arrived in Shanghai this morning. At present. I am staying at Oriental Hotel, Room 1204. I' ll leave Shanghai in five days. Please come over or ring me up as soon as you read this note.: Y; i, R4 K; k3 t7 t
Tom% ^$ _" `" s( ~7 L, I0 f
4.通知(通告)(Notice)2 g" Z- h& d6 t4 X
通知(通告)是要告知某种信息而使用的一种文体。形式有:在通知(通告)上方居中写上Notice字样作为标题;无称呼语,通知中用第三人称;出通知单位或负责人名字应写在正文最后的右下方,或放在标题之上,作为标题的一部分,这样最后不再署名;出通知的日期写在正文右下方,应在单位署名的下一行。如:8 U8 d' z' ~7 O1 u4 {1 s% D4 B
Notice
& k. Z0 X$ M2 j* F: Z All teachers and students are requested to meet in the auditorium at 2:30 on Wednesday afternoon to hear a re-port on current international affairs by Mr. Liu from the Institute of Foreign Affairs. Be sure to attend on time. |