源:中华考试网在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 4 w$ D( v$ C; r
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词 / D1 r' \- G F4 ]$ J7 Q
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
, c5 t2 J& H7 A1 C2 J( S 连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分) . C: }+ O: M& z/ ?& m
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.
+ O9 x( `1 x ^5 U2 w" L0 G 连接副词:when, where, how, why - m1 w% L6 Z) P7 y
不可省略的连词:
8 J% }1 B% K! M; g$ s" y 1. 介词后的连词 z! z" }9 E0 ~; y9 U. J4 d0 c! n
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
! \* a2 C: q$ F, k0 z' {1 a3 | That she was chosen made us very happy. U' e9 W* m" B
We heard the news that our team had won. 9 ] f; y7 Z- x6 \; l4 T4 D$ Q
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
' v; t$ e; o. i8 ^ 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
* `( w6 ]3 j8 Y2 h# U5 X 2. 引导表语从句 5 q* q @- T: H' Y/ r0 p7 ?; n
3. whether从句作介词宾语 / w- l" b( l$ Z3 O5 v- @+ U; u
4. 从句后有"or not" 3 g* r+ B% t/ q" l$ e8 a. E
Whether he will come is not clear.
9 g8 ?; ?5 y W* t: i$ Q 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 2 T; R9 d$ D! {6 {4 q' N2 a
It is not important who will go. 7 V- q/ S8 g7 S8 `6 g
It is still unknown which team will win the match. ; }+ ]% S5 D6 F: E( Y2 Q( ^. _
17.2 名词性that-从句 4 l# `; ~/ N7 l) w. s
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: ( X0 u1 i% X7 \$ y+ c( ~
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 & k1 O# D( J0 I' M
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 8 |1 u+ i4 W k l) Q) `
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 # v( m0 t+ J" X8 ^( x3 J8 f
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 4 ~! j) K3 |% m, _' e1 X
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 考试通
. s2 O: P, U3 F 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
, r* Z3 w$ j) n" U 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
* S9 C2 K5 t1 g 2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如: 4 ]2 Q1 i# m4 h( L: i- M; B
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
' i% Z5 M. F' B" \ It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 - b7 f7 j; A' X
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: 5 \' f+ L: A, l$ q3 f
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
. j+ h$ C# h% ?; J+ M9 r It is necessary that… 有必要…… ) \ b ^, {3 U$ ?" @2 |
It is important that… 重要的是…… ! j, t/ Y$ i/ W$ |' a+ \
It is obvious that… 很明显…… - Q' k& l( K( y
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 9 V* n. f% k2 Y' O4 J5 S# x. H$ x
It is believed that… 人们相信…… 2 p; b: `5 M3 s) m/ t1 k
It is known to all that… 从所周知…… ! c0 O: E% Y- y( z3 O: P9 n
It has been decided that… 已决定…… 来源:www.Examw.com
# t' \! i. ], a8 D1 K c& E! \( f c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 . t; h7 X6 }( V7 B
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
* a1 d( w, Y9 g0 h1 k It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
6 T* [& [7 E: y It is a fact that… 事实是…… 2 v- R. \6 f+ l' a) b8 Q" J6 ~( z
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
) I& _$ q8 _5 i. ~- V$ w It appears that… 似乎……
& c/ |& [1 f& R! S& R It happens that… 碰巧……
. c" t9 [ @9 y: M It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 7 r+ _# r/ Y. j+ ?- v7 o7 |# i
17.3 名词性wh-从句
5 H+ _& i# U9 w1 R ^$ \; O 1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
- g( F6 W5 R' H. V; y 主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
+ }& x# j( \2 K9 l* }' L* Z- q 直接宾语:In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 ! u: P) ], d- T- N5 H- j' g5 e
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. |