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[PETS五级] 全国公共英语(PETS5)五级考试语法辅导:名词性从句

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发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
源:中华考试网在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 4 w$ D( v$ C; r
  17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词 / D1 r' \- G  F4 ]$ J7 Q
  引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
, c5 t2 J& H7 A1 C2 J( S  连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分) . C: }+ O: M& z/ ?& m
  连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.
+ O9 x( `1 x  ^5 U2 w" L0 G  连接副词:when, where, how, why - m1 w% L6 Z) P7 y
  不可省略的连词:
8 J% }1 B% K! M; g$ s" y  1. 介词后的连词   z! z" }9 E0 ~; y9 U. J4 d0 c! n
  2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
! \* a2 C: q$ F, k0 z' {1 a3 |  That she was chosen made us very happy.   U' e9 W* m" B
  We heard the news that our team had won. 9 ]  f; y7 Z- x6 \; l4 T4 D$ Q
  比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
' v; t$ e; o. i8 ^  1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
* `( w6 ]3 j8 Y2 h# U5 X  2. 引导表语从句 5 q* q  @- T: H' Y/ r0 p7 ?; n
  3. whether从句作介词宾语 / w- l" b( l$ Z3 O5 v- @+ U; u
  4. 从句后有"or not" 3 g* r+ B% t/ q" l$ e8 a. E
  Whether he will come is not clear.
9 g8 ?; ?5 y  W* t: i$ Q  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 2 T; R9 d$ D! {6 {4 q' N2 a
  It is not important who will go. 7 V- q/ S8 g7 S8 `6 g
  It is still unknown which team will win the match. ; }+ ]% S5 D6 F: E( Y2 Q( ^. _
  17.2 名词性that-从句 4 l# `; ~/ N7 l) w. s
  1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: ( X0 u1 i% X7 \$ y+ c( ~
  主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.  他还活着全靠运气。 & k1 O# D( J0 I' M
  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 8 |1 u+ i4 W  k  l) Q) `
  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.   事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 # v( m0 t+ J" X8 ^( x3 J8 f
  同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 4 ~! j) K3 |% m, _' e1 X
  近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 考试通
. s2 O: P, U3 F  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
, r* Z3 w$ j) n" U  你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
* S9 C2 K5 t1 g  2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如: 4 ]2 Q1 i# m4 h( L: i- M; B
  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
' i% Z5 M. F' B" \  It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 - b7 f7 j; A' X
  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: 5 \' f+ L: A, l$ q3 f
  a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
. j+ h$ C# h% ?; J+ M9 r  It is necessary that…    有必要…… ) \  b  ^, {3 U$ ?" @2 |
  It is important that…    重要的是…… ! j, t/ Y$ i/ W$ |' a+ \
  It is obvious that…     很明显…… - Q' k& l( K( y
  b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 9 V* n. f% k2 Y' O4 J5 S# x. H$ x
  It is believed that…     人们相信…… 2 p; b: `5 M3 s) m/ t1 k
  It is known to all that…   从所周知…… ! c0 O: E% Y- y( z3 O: P9 n
  It has been decided that…   已决定…… 来源:www.Examw.com
# t' \! i. ], a8 D1 K  c& E! \( f  c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 . t; h7 X6 }( V7 B
  It is common knowledge that…  ……是常识
* a1 d( w, Y9 g0 h1 k  It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是……
6 T* [& [7 E: y  It is a fact that…     事实是…… 2 v- R. \6 f+ l' a) b8 Q" J6 ~( z
  d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
) I& _$ q8 _5 i. ~- V$ w  It appears that…      似乎……
& c/ |& [1 f& R! S& R  It happens that…      碰巧……
. c" t9 [  @9 y: M  It occurred to me that…   我突然想起…… 7 r+ _# r/ Y. j+ ?- v7 o7 |# i
  17.3 名词性wh-从句
5 H+ _& i# U9 w1 R  ^$ \; O  1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
- g( F6 W5 R' H. V; y  主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
+ }& x# j( \2 K9 l* }' L* Z- q  直接宾语:In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 ! u: P) ], d- T- N5 H- j' g5 e
  间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:16 | 显示全部楼层

全国公共英语(PETS5)五级考试语法辅导:名词性从句

</p>俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 考试用书
2 O% a, d+ M) y9 B! n  表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 ) j! P( C- C5 N/ r6 V, m
  宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
. I; b; W9 J0 o  同位语:  I have no idea when he will return.
7 D* v( e* s$ t8 B$ i5 D) m1 k  我不知道他什么时候回来。 $ \1 {# p' k: _2 c
  形容词宾语:I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.  我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 . V; S( w0 ~, I; `1 q- f3 R& l
  介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
/ }# M" J# {1 N3 Z1 c  那取决于我们去哪儿。   j2 z6 K: R# _$ V% c
  2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
+ J9 \6 f4 h# x  Y+ L. k; R  It is not yet decided who will do that job. / \* P- }; t4 m
  还没决定谁做这项工作。 来源:www.Examw.com
, H8 C$ D+ R9 D5 d  It remains unknown when they are going to get married.  他们何时结婚依然不明。 ) |% o2 o. |: g$ W, T
  17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
6 V( o" k5 Y* l+ M3 |6 {1 y  1)yes-no型疑问从句 9 H- i  P+ j! g, z$ V" w: z
  从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
) }8 u; I8 X: Q) ~# |! {5 G! U  主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。 ) [+ h# R. m9 E, w
  宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
! s7 y+ S8 t6 S7 ~% g' {  表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
+ O) p1 G7 T0 T+ Z  同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 9 ^9 P$ ?( p& @" c  H" b
  形容词宾语: She’s doubtful whether we shall be able to come.  她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
' w$ x, d2 c; M  介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.  我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
* M$ e- T! _- j  2)选择性疑问从句 ! c; _2 N: ^; C
  选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
+ O: @$ X, ^  z! O# i) k9 z6 b2 b  Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
# b& J" E. ^1 m" t4 o  I don’t care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 - B, U* P& ]- t/ U' V! a
  17.5 否定转移
6 z" s" F3 i! l' C: s  1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
/ ^* P, }3 q- L* B! o  I don’t think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 / [9 x& a3 z( X
  I don’ t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 ' e/ }1 |% c. k7 e7 Z1 ?
  注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 * T3 J: X0 \: k# U" E1 I3 H
  I hope you weren’t ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2 O; i% ]! d7 f8 i2 w# }3 x+ o+ u8 _# i0 M
  2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
* j( C' O9 A( b$ Z7 G" `0 Z& d( c  It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. ) z; j2 J+ n# v5 l# S, ~3 J: v
  看来他们不知道往哪去。 考试用书; B! P  W* w5 J" r9 g
  It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
- [. G. W2 k3 G/ _  看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
& N3 \# a, I2 ^7 N; x: N  3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 , l# g6 L$ C) x3 W
  I don’t remember having ever seen such a man. # p4 X0 D) q+ i* O& n$ b) ?
  我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) - j$ S% Y  `0 `! h7 I& {
  It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. / O7 `$ s9 f/ k. K( J8 @
  在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。  K3 x5 t" D) B- N# Z# N. @
  (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
8 _- _% d: {1 ~! S) S* X  4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。  Q& h3 ]5 N' o& m2 _3 |, i+ x
  The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。4 p2 h/ i( G& H' A5 g
  He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。+ E  w  `, S5 n. o( L: D
  She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
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