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[PETS五级] 全国公共英语(PETS5)五级考试语法辅导:名词性从句

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发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
源:中华考试网在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
/ [4 u) k$ H( Y' ?# z+ J  17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
7 m2 v7 d8 d$ g# r0 v  引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:   E$ e  E' K6 V/ k- `
  连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
# d) d+ _0 I7 Y2 w; u+ D  ]  连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.
; b- [6 s& v4 }  连接副词:when, where, how, why
  [. B5 W2 i4 P% ?  不可省略的连词: 3 ~6 H  Y+ v+ [9 a0 E
  1. 介词后的连词 8 D4 z3 {0 Y" P6 G+ o
  2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 / n  a) W9 s7 p4 b
  That she was chosen made us very happy. & b5 J8 |0 [& b& P7 A/ P2 y
  We heard the news that our team had won. # c% V1 o+ \# D+ S9 @$ O
  比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代: ) w' p; c+ M) s: a
  1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
. w& q( p$ C6 g& S4 A& f; T  2. 引导表语从句
& S" [! P$ J% r$ X  3. whether从句作介词宾语
. }9 d) F' @0 Q: c2 v  4. 从句后有"or not"
8 ~3 @- C: D( S7 _& X" Q! G3 Y  Whether he will come is not clear.
0 V( e+ P6 y4 g: X% H8 B  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 ( `5 g: e5 E( Q8 [( W9 i. P
  It is not important who will go. 6 p. K3 n0 `: L/ u
  It is still unknown which team will win the match. " I: H# c; A7 r8 C& l! T
  17.2 名词性that-从句
6 H: p. r) D: x# x- B  1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: ) d0 B1 A" q" e! M5 w/ C' @9 Y5 Q$ S
  主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.  他还活着全靠运气。
/ V) ]8 t" w: ~; p& p0 E  ?! h  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
: z# {" Y( {: i  z" _: |  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.   事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 # o) I% [7 [$ i; L
  同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
7 q) B2 M0 `) y/ a  近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 考试通
6 [* [% x+ ^! C% _- e# t8 Z8 b: k  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
  O% \& b6 H8 t3 P  你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 ! L4 P- O7 a# C! D) P
  2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
3 q, }  V3 w9 K" E  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
( k2 H- [) P  ^5 \3 t  It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 % B/ n" v. p4 L# l8 Y
  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: 2 m$ O, O. o+ c
  a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
% Q& |4 o/ R% q& k# @! i7 I  It is necessary that…    有必要…… 1 ^' X0 }; o& G) V! a
  It is important that…    重要的是……
8 X5 d5 N" v' ^* L  It is obvious that…     很明显……
" Y# D" I$ F+ u$ @' _, q# w/ ?  b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
+ s6 l, q9 V+ D- ]. @! q* c: r& H- r  It is believed that…     人们相信……
6 P4 X# V3 V: u* d  It is known to all that…   从所周知…… " {8 \3 E$ H5 B$ L
  It has been decided that…   已决定…… 来源:www.Examw.com
/ j1 M$ Y' L5 G2 B  c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 9 i( A4 I% {0 k  f4 j
  It is common knowledge that…  ……是常识
# `$ [) _9 k% n8 U; c  It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是…… 9 x+ p% V2 J% T
  It is a fact that…     事实是……
, W& P+ i) [- U) B9 }& G$ C  d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
) q5 J9 h6 M" Y- z  g0 d  It appears that…      似乎…… 7 I! b1 R. B! g  W
  It happens that…      碰巧……
5 ]( ]4 n- b8 k0 B" b  It occurred to me that…   我突然想起…… 2 k9 K; t* u+ T5 V  w
  17.3 名词性wh-从句 : Y# q+ _' n7 d! L+ @
  1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
; x2 i  W" Z7 y- x4 N$ G  主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 1 o3 |+ |- G& [/ W- ?3 a4 ~
  直接宾语:In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
$ Y5 e7 M) b* q, ~3 y  间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:16 | 显示全部楼层

全国公共英语(PETS5)五级考试语法辅导:名词性从句

</p>俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 考试用书  L1 n& b$ P: R! O! d9 Y1 @
  表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
4 z( `0 B* _4 m2 @/ P  宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 5 z) g; \& T( F9 h, W1 @
  同位语:  I have no idea when he will return. . {# [) p, w* s. S/ U
  我不知道他什么时候回来。
5 i$ h5 W1 c7 V# |5 `. G  u5 e  形容词宾语:I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.  我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 4 ^6 y( U6 c1 k
  介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 6 [; W/ E( P) W
  那取决于我们去哪儿。 - ^. u7 Y- g& p6 B3 g: t2 f
  2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
# q( {( Y6 _9 O. M. n3 L& Q) I  It is not yet decided who will do that job.
6 z- `0 [, `, g3 Z  还没决定谁做这项工作。 来源:www.Examw.com$ B5 j- q4 v& W0 A
  It remains unknown when they are going to get married.  他们何时结婚依然不明。
2 _7 `% }% @* O/ R; p3 w% b  17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
/ L$ y' A  o$ ?, G+ g; k: ?6 ]  1)yes-no型疑问从句 / Q: e: \  a7 t% P% E5 i
  从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
5 Z: I+ B- t$ f; f3 o  主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。 . [2 U9 u0 u( h1 Q* A; n" ^
  宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
! S" e9 H, |4 u6 W( [  表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 1 a: @  X9 Y* S# J/ e
  同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 4 `- h9 R# D, H4 q. {
  形容词宾语: She’s doubtful whether we shall be able to come.  她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 5 p9 Q2 g7 W. F/ O+ B2 p  F: I
  介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.  我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
6 p, _3 W8 `- _/ a& g* J% `/ B  2)选择性疑问从句 * P/ e" Y) c2 B" Y) j
  选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如: $ p5 ^' ]+ |; y- t# Y# m
  Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
1 v0 \7 z% z+ Q5 q  I don’t care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 1 L/ q. d# B" j
  17.5 否定转移 ) M7 N  p; t( y3 P
  1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
3 f- r0 r5 E  \  I don’t think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 + ?3 O# |% i* m/ A; o! K3 P3 {
  I don’ t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 " i$ }+ C0 d3 `* u5 J( a) G
  注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 2 \& u9 ~$ B( n; Z4 T, F5 Z
  I hope you weren’t ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
; `5 w/ D) M  |. K* f, H  2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 2 ]& m+ A+ \# P' o
  It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. ! T- n/ r8 ~4 O/ }/ }- z
  看来他们不知道往哪去。 考试用书) }1 n+ n* H! p6 f7 t9 \- B
  It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
3 l0 a% D, c& o  看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
8 O/ i% P& U! ^0 H) c" e$ A  3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 7 H2 f* P% S* T$ D- ?6 n& s
  I don’t remember having ever seen such a man. % U, G- \2 n# r
  我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
& E) T) t7 G; j" x8 k% F  It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 9 T3 z! i' [" B$ R7 N9 ^% r
  在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
1 Q+ a4 c. Y( |2 @1 c  (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)  R/ |1 c' S$ p1 E" y2 W9 A( S0 v/ ~
  4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。: m0 V7 W5 m- K  i" K4 ^, ~. A
  The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
; ?8 A1 N! y/ @2 L- C9 R  He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。- q; i4 K. L- }. N7 Z
  She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
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