源:中华考试网在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
/ [4 u) k$ H( Y' ?# z+ J 17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
7 m2 v7 d8 d$ g# r0 v 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: E$ e E' K6 V/ k- `
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
# d) d+ _0 I7 Y2 w; u+ D ] 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.
; b- [6 s& v4 } 连接副词:when, where, how, why
[. B5 W2 i4 P% ? 不可省略的连词: 3 ~6 H Y+ v+ [9 a0 E
1. 介词后的连词 8 D4 z3 {0 Y" P6 G+ o
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 / n a) W9 s7 p4 b
That she was chosen made us very happy. & b5 J8 |0 [& b& P7 A/ P2 y
We heard the news that our team had won. # c% V1 o+ \# D+ S9 @$ O
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代: ) w' p; c+ M) s: a
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
. w& q( p$ C6 g& S4 A& f; T 2. 引导表语从句
& S" [! P$ J% r$ X 3. whether从句作介词宾语
. }9 d) F' @0 Q: c2 v 4. 从句后有"or not"
8 ~3 @- C: D( S7 _& X" Q! G3 Y Whether he will come is not clear.
0 V( e+ P6 y4 g: X% H8 B 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 ( `5 g: e5 E( Q8 [( W9 i. P
It is not important who will go. 6 p. K3 n0 `: L/ u
It is still unknown which team will win the match. " I: H# c; A7 r8 C& l! T
17.2 名词性that-从句
6 H: p. r) D: x# x- B 1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: ) d0 B1 A" q" e! M5 w/ C' @9 Y5 Q$ S
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
/ V) ]8 t" w: ~; p& p0 E ?! h 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
: z# {" Y( {: i z" _: | 表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 # o) I% [7 [$ i; L
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
7 q) B2 M0 `) y/ a 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 考试通
6 [* [% x+ ^! C% _- e# t8 Z8 b: k 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
O% \& b6 H8 t3 P 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 ! L4 P- O7 a# C! D) P
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
3 q, } V3 w9 K" E It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
( k2 H- [) P ^5 \3 t It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 % B/ n" v. p4 L# l8 Y
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: 2 m$ O, O. o+ c
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
% Q& |4 o/ R% q& k# @! i7 I It is necessary that… 有必要…… 1 ^' X0 }; o& G) V! a
It is important that… 重要的是……
8 X5 d5 N" v' ^* L It is obvious that… 很明显……
" Y# D" I$ F+ u$ @' _, q# w/ ? b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
+ s6 l, q9 V+ D- ]. @! q* c: r& H- r It is believed that… 人们相信……
6 P4 X# V3 V: u* d It is known to all that… 从所周知…… " {8 \3 E$ H5 B$ L
It has been decided that… 已决定…… 来源:www.Examw.com
/ j1 M$ Y' L5 G2 B c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 9 i( A4 I% {0 k f4 j
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
# `$ [) _9 k% n8 U; c It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… 9 x+ p% V2 J% T
It is a fact that… 事实是……
, W& P+ i) [- U) B9 }& G$ C d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
) q5 J9 h6 M" Y- z g0 d It appears that… 似乎…… 7 I! b1 R. B! g W
It happens that… 碰巧……
5 ]( ]4 n- b8 k0 B" b It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 2 k9 K; t* u+ T5 V w
17.3 名词性wh-从句 : Y# q+ _' n7 d! L+ @
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
; x2 i W" Z7 y- x4 N$ G 主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 1 o3 |+ |- G& [/ W- ?3 a4 ~
直接宾语:In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
$ Y5 e7 M) b* q, ~3 y 间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. |