Questions 8 – 12 1 Read the following text. x7 b2 t5 [/ f& t; u- {
2 Choose the best sentence from the list on page 36 to fill each of the gaps.- l' \. t* u4 ?+ M
3 For each gap 8 – 12 mark one letter A – I on your Answer Sheet.) w+ H# d3 Q; j. J1 s& r
4 Do not mark any letter twice.% r$ {1 X6 Q& b! G) [
Marketing/ u- l5 A8 j: W9 f
In the past, the concept of marketing emphasised sales. The producer or manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. ____ example ____ .
$ x X' E& o4 N5 ~. c& I1 k2 [* C Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling ____ (8) ____ Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardisation and grading, and the related risks.$ O# ~) g# Y* d/ J
The modern marketing concept encompasses all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a different set of principles ____ (9) ____ In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product ------ or what the market for the product is ---- before production begins.+ k1 ?7 u6 y( q1 M
Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company ____(11)____ This is much more difficult since it involves human behaviour. ____(12)____ Thus, demand and market forces are still an important aspect of modern marketing, but they are considered prior to the production process.
7 q& B- l1 v1 c/ Z: \" ~ Example: C
9 n6 e; |. g+ Y/ {( f A. It subscribes to the notion that production can be economically justified only by consumption.# a9 o4 l8 J1 m& Z, Z n! X9 }
B. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product.7 o2 N( B% ?% A4 F
C. Marketing is as important in today’s economy as the production of goods and services.
" R5 i" o$ f! e! ?) l D. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem.
( l. s" A" ?4 z/ Y E. Such markets must be created and stimulated by managers.) d; [# q1 D! l9 P
F. This is very different from making a product and then thinking about how to sell it.
% t1 Y* i7 v- K; V# R G. More than half the cost of consumer goods can be traced to marketing activities.; U! R5 a- v5 Q6 S0 q6 C
H. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the0 k( s- N C0 w( E
product to the places where it was actually sold.
1 ~+ y: O1 V3 U% M/ ] I. Instead of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the desires of the, p" x3 P7 B1 i _% _0 U1 r
consumer.: r5 w6 A( ]5 h; q: Q
答案：Questions 8 - 12: H, A, F, I, D |
发表于 2012-8-14 19:56:54
