雅思写作是考生最头疼也是最难取得高分的科目,尽管很多考生在考试前做了大量的练习和模拟训练,但写作成绩提高的幅度仍旧不明显。常见的原因主要有训练不得法,教师指导质量不高,语言技能弱等。根据笔者多年在写作方面的教学经验,考生在写作上常犯的错误大致总结为以下十个方面:
+ x- u% _1 x5 g" S 不一致(disagreements)
e$ N7 {. z; G* x) b2 L 雅思写作中的所谓不一致,不仅仅指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致和代词不一致等。1 v3 o& ?2 [, |2 X
1. When one have money, he can do what he want to.! z2 [! I7 Z( J
(一旦人有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么)
/ q4 j! n# B8 g5 \2 ?# J4 Q5 y 分析:0 p3 I- ~5 r! j% I
One是第三人称单数,因而本句的have应该改为has;同样,want应该改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
* F9 ]! O1 O5 g5 @1 F 改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants(to do).0 `1 Y: A- @* L2 Q6 m2 T9 Q
修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)
5 |$ z* l' o1 ^2 c 英语与汉语不同,同一修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子含义可能引起变化。对于这点很多考生没有引起足够的重视,因而造成不必要的误解。比如:
7 O+ a1 n- P% a4 P5 H4 |7 l 1.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
- o6 r5 _1 u5 p9 D8 \- S) @ 分析:8 x7 I* U5 y0 T9 K; E3 p" ^' G O9 q3 h
Better位置不当,应置于句末。
. q& K4 Z2 ^0 S& n6 b1 L 改为:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.4 I( ]: s4 ~0 E! A
l 句子不完整(sentence fragments)
. [9 M) ~) }$ V& } 在口语对话中,人们可以借助手势,语气,上下文等,使不完整的句子完全被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会使得句子意思不清。而这种情况往往发生在主句写完以后,考生又想加些补充说明时发生:/ W: e- N0 i$ y
1.There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
' P$ `, w4 A$ q' ?: I) V* q2 A& ` 分析:
" {9 Z+ u+ W# O; n4 V! ~ 本句后半部分“For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能成为一个句子。
8 `# U% i9 a- S) A( L' K* ? 改为:There are many ways to know the society, for example, by TV, radio, newspaper.+ }7 L$ f# K/ d7 M3 ^
悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers)
p8 |; s( r. J 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语和后面的短语逻辑关系不清,如:6 E1 s0 x( a6 F* g/ y3 l6 I1 l
1. At the age of ten, my grandfather died.6 P4 U; ^) L. w6 r1 Q8 v9 V
分析:- T& \6 s8 Y: y3 }1 m) f/ q# G
这句话“At the age of ten”只指出10岁时,但并没有指出谁10岁时,按照一般的推理不可能是“my grandfather”,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确点,句子就不会引起别人误解了。5 j1 |* _3 o) A) t* F! A2 Z1 Y
改为:When I was ten, my grandfather died.; B8 c* K$ H$ y% E" K. X2 q
2. To do well in college, good grades are essential.3 S: ^" Z/ G: k, l
分析:, B ]3 k% t0 Q- c
句中不定式“To do well in college”逻辑主语不清。
6 _4 R' f: V% Y# e3 X 改为:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
) T0 n) q* H* v" j7 r" I; t" n 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)
_1 G: M% i8 ^* U 词性误用通常表现为:介词当动词用,形容词当副词用,名词当动词用等,如:' _& v0 c1 u/ ^0 N' H0 |
1. None can negative the importance of money.( }2 Z4 A& J% [7 q) a: h
分析:$ W, @7 _/ I$ I* ?
Negative是形容词,误作动词使用。
% R1 C) F; x5 e. y( \0 i( c: [% M 改为:None can deny the importance of money.8 V; d7 C% d+ y/ }6 q
l 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
* X. a1 s1 d: ? 指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后使用的代词不一致,如:2 v4 ^5 J! c" n
1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to become her bridesmaid.
! R# A1 ~7 \! l- G4 V 分析:0 b; U- x) e+ k! Y
读完上面这句话后,作者无法明确判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象明确,意思就一目了然了。4 z1 m. D/ S/ x" r
改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to become her bridesmaid.6 N# H. q& J E& g- Q+ W
2. We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
; c! d' T) j& N" n: r# i! e& I 分析:
4 O, l! S3 d5 t 句中代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。% B/ t t/ l; ^8 e5 }5 T
改为:We can also know the society by serving it ourselves. |