雅思写作是考生最头疼也是最难取得高分的科目,尽管很多考生在考试前做了大量的练习和模拟训练,但写作成绩提高的幅度仍旧不明显。常见的原因主要有训练不得法,教师指导质量不高,语言技能弱等。根据笔者多年在写作方面的教学经验,考生在写作上常犯的错误大致总结为以下十个方面:
% b z& X9 a) L& i; y( t 不一致(disagreements)8 c8 S* l# m3 y4 p% i; ^
雅思写作中的所谓不一致,不仅仅指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致和代词不一致等。
. F3 S6 d& i$ f0 l% A* [5 Y' t 1. When one have money, he can do what he want to.
; y; {6 j$ C! T+ ]3 F( Q$ w (一旦人有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么)
4 @, y- [& \5 @5 j( O- R ? 分析:
4 u/ |* O( V# s/ k5 k% C One是第三人称单数,因而本句的have应该改为has;同样,want应该改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。7 G# V. c; O' Q7 R9 r" U6 n
改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants(to do).
, ~, j( Q4 n! J9 K. a 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)
* @' d# g6 v2 D) ~/ E 英语与汉语不同,同一修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子含义可能引起变化。对于这点很多考生没有引起足够的重视,因而造成不必要的误解。比如:
4 L2 a' Y: G0 v% a A/ ] 1.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.9 s7 n2 Z$ H j( y$ D5 l; [( v2 T
分析:9 {8 P1 W( B. l8 e+ s7 X7 }
Better位置不当,应置于句末。: T8 T' b1 j [1 }) K
改为:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.8 `$ {4 Z9 ^0 l H
l 句子不完整(sentence fragments); `# k7 E: A! k, g
在口语对话中,人们可以借助手势,语气,上下文等,使不完整的句子完全被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会使得句子意思不清。而这种情况往往发生在主句写完以后,考生又想加些补充说明时发生:. {$ I1 M# q [3 D2 o _- K) M
1.There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.5 F0 H0 |) T6 w y7 j- h
分析:, E; Y4 c/ z( P: O
本句后半部分“For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能成为一个句子。
- T0 Y. t4 s/ H# v3 j 改为:There are many ways to know the society, for example, by TV, radio, newspaper.
" n1 d. i* K# _/ B3 U' N) Z% E2 w1 o. t 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers)
; s" V$ R% L+ n, F1 Z7 ^9 X 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语和后面的短语逻辑关系不清,如:
) ^; F* ^/ }. t% J) { 1. At the age of ten, my grandfather died.' F( M0 n2 W5 |' x
分析:' I$ p" B+ r% j* p% s E: u* }
这句话“At the age of ten”只指出10岁时,但并没有指出谁10岁时,按照一般的推理不可能是“my grandfather”,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确点,句子就不会引起别人误解了。
, m" B& b; N0 [ k 改为:When I was ten, my grandfather died.0 f: H# \4 k8 y3 C+ F
2. To do well in college, good grades are essential.; Y. ~$ t5 |6 j( Z9 a' T- P
分析:0 e9 ~2 O) P4 l8 m! w, f1 @5 f: x) G
句中不定式“To do well in college”逻辑主语不清。6 ?" [9 |7 O- ^9 Q
改为:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.8 S$ h" U( D' c- s `# a4 n
词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)3 |& m6 Q* W1 H5 F5 ]9 w/ H6 Z" h
词性误用通常表现为:介词当动词用,形容词当副词用,名词当动词用等,如:# S; g+ y" q( k- Q
1. None can negative the importance of money.
8 K& h0 q2 L- e3 U j 分析:% s/ w1 v @8 P5 p- E: S* O! D- W
Negative是形容词,误作动词使用。# ]' ^% \6 U: |. i0 I m
改为:None can deny the importance of money.
' n- e9 b+ ~. R: B( I3 H7 V l 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)- M0 t7 V0 _- u( j
指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后使用的代词不一致,如:
: r2 A8 @6 a# g7 W4 }% ?. u! x9 P 1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to become her bridesmaid.
1 h% y9 \+ Q# g* S2 y; ]3 v! { 分析:: q, |8 _' ~, o" X, Y# ], x
读完上面这句话后,作者无法明确判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象明确,意思就一目了然了。5 L) k0 r: q9 V. ^7 P
改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to become her bridesmaid.( ^! ^$ c% F1 P0 z: [
2. We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
, I7 ]8 A/ [( b0 c/ y 分析:6 R2 @# p( X, ]% a9 s- H/ ~: W% G
句中代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。1 Y* q; T) d$ @' _ `1 }
改为:We can also know the society by serving it ourselves. |