历年托福考试语法真题全面解析43

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11. The operetta first ---as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.
4 a, W. w; W$ {# _(A) to emerge
(B) emerging
# h2 [1 ?$ E. v) K5 M(C) has emerged
) a3 T! G& b7 H! v8 ^1 ~5 Y/ B(D) emerged
2 I6 \) r. Q, G/ m/ S4 g  
- k* _# X" v9 G: \' w4 r: e) S# K' l8 Z答案：D
3 F% F( {0 v; R0 {/ B测试点：谓语.
% r# h3 h+ v2 `) `分析：句中缺谓语动词，而(A)(B)都是动词的非谓语形式，不可单独作谓语．(C)是完成时，不能与副词first搭配，故选(D).
  
12. ---complex organic catalysts originating in living cells.
(A) Enzymes
! e; k- ?4 |* {4 I7 M' Z+ k# V' ]3 G- _(B) Enzymes are
(C) Enzymes which are
(D) Enzymes while they
  
$ n4 [9 T- r0 V答案：B
测试点：主谓结构.
分析：句子主、谓均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(B)．(A)无动词；(C)(D)含有从句.
( Z7 D  P' C3 ]: z, Y  
; t" I7 Z) o6 I3 Q8 }3 }0 c13. In the eastern part of New Jersey ---, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
(A) lies the city of Elizabeth
( T/ q' v  b# H! ^' k' @(B) the city of Elizabeth lies there
(C) around the city of Elizabeth lies
(D) there lies the city of Elizabeth around
( r% }  g! J. }' W# N+ B  
, h) G+ c  t9 O  B答案：A
) w4 a% ?! v, h" ~测试点：倒装句。
; X' K2 t: |0 t3 G* r# |分析：表示地点的介词短语放在句首，通常后面的句子要倒装。应在答案中选择动词+名词的形式，即(A).
2 C2 Y: T* d4 X6 C! |解题要点；遇到倒装句，在4个答案中寻找以动词开头的形式.
  
! y' R6 D4 J' t* T6 ^14. Work in parapsychology, ---, has attracted a relatively small number of scientists.
( ]& ~4 @( I! y(A) is a very controversial field
(B) which a very controversial field is
(C) a very controversial field
(D) a field very controversial which
  
0 Q" i! [8 o$ D) Q$ W# B答案：C
测试点：同位语.
6 ~8 H6 P/ m/ m分析：主语后面的空格，两边用逗号隔开，常常要么是分词短语作定语，要么是同位语．应在答案中选择说明主语性质的名词性结构作其同位语，即(C)．(A)多了动词；(B)(D)与从句有关.
. s/ N/ x- o5 Y6 X- B  
4 r! Y! e1 D1 K* x15. ---, the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted
(B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1827 was drafted
(D) Drafted in 1827
  
答案：D
测试点：分词短语/状语。
, s6 s6 A% t" z+ j9 g: K分析：空格位于句首，后面用逗号与完整的句子隔开，所缺常常是状语。(D)为分词短语，作时间状语。
解题要点；过去分词+in+年份是TOEFL常考短语.