托福语法指导－平行结构及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构来源：考试大
+ Z2 H, S: h" O* I　　解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分，多是考试焦点。

　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
8 N: [4 b' X& l+ l# ?& L[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故（A）应用形容词transparent与之并列。

( z. t6 j+ X3 _& L! B(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故（A）动名词应改为actress。
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(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故（C）亦应改为单数tissue。

(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
1 y" d3 d" u! c+ y' m, M5 m2 R- E[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故（C）动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.
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(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
: P( M* Q7 Z# H( n[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故（D）不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
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(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
- Q( X. Y0 o0 t& v[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故（D）亦应改为动名词swallowing。
来源：考试大
　　2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。来源：考试大
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　　全真列题分析来源：考试大
(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
(A) as was
% d1 `: y0 Z. k$ C1 H$ S* e(B) than was
, p: [0 I' n0 Q+ F0 X(C) than did
  e# @7 W% P( |! F2 n4 L- A(D) as did (92.8)
) e$ @$ ?3 f' Y# d" k1 r[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选（C）than did与之平行。
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(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
/ q6 [' S  g( `4 @(A) there are most other states
* j3 K( o/ f" o* O$ C2 K  i(B) most other states which have
1 G# r3 a5 K! I3 K' u1 C(C) most other states have
(D) having most other states (93.10)
7 T4 S" e: q* p5 f[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有（C）的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。

(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
(A) that of its mining and farming combined来源：考试大
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined来源：考试大
(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值（the annual worth) （A）中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。
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(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
$ u0 S' u  `8 C9 w(A) the domestic marketer has来源：考试大
$ C' b, s8 a1 X' Q& x$ D* E8 P" X(B) the domestic marketer does
(C) those of the domestic marketer
(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
% e- \5 q! \3 D1 q1 P3 B[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动（the activities) 为避免同词重复，用（C）those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。

9 J9 ]1 j6 v* a; B' U(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
6 \& N2 R+ ~/ S9 K/ R. ^) Z3 s3 ^* g(A) than cane sugar does
5 o" t3 B0 ]5 l6 D9 D& _; O(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
# I' K9 P* f2 T, g& Z: W(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
5 u8 o+ h  j# p' I; M2 D2 B! P7 t1 u[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does（答案A及B），但可省略系词，如（D）。

会计考友

　　3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the＋比较级要求前后结构相等。

& N" @% x1 Q9 Q; W2 i, ^　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
# [; ?7 g' F/ e( P% |' t: ^3 q(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
" m7 V. u% L2 P, n- B(A) although
; @. A! X# x6 o, ?! ]6 j(B) which来源：考试大
(C) and
(D) the (92.1)
[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与（D）the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。

/ E+ q; @( j2 l* k* D) L　　比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
1 {) k/ z7 _1 j. }4 F" y2 ~9 @(B) greater is the stress
(C) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress (90.1)来源：考试大
4 u8 i7 d" u  |" O+ t7 S[答案] D The less the surface 与答案（D） the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。

　　4. 语意上的平行结构
* }* }- X- h3 R! s* z' l　　解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。
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　　全真例题分析
(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
* K  z0 F6 ?' f: J! G- A(A) than inventing
* n8 I! b/ l( p) ?2 {  Q- m" X(B) than as the inventor
/ A3 e. l; `! _" r6 L9 H(C) the invention
) R2 A, o; ?" z(D) as the inventor (90.8)
+ \4 z( k( w  `! s+ D5 N[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
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(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
(A) such
(B) more
(C) as
; q; S5 ]. |  r$ n( X(D) than (90.1)
0 y4 Q9 }6 t/ {, \5 t[答案] C 动词rival （比得上）要求比较二项结构相等。
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1 h& j: Q4 n0 ~5 Y% h(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
- a; @( e/ `. q) `, Z1 a4 S8 o, v(A) that exceeded
6 s' _* x3 ?, P(B) exceeded that
. v1 k. Y  b3 j1 z2 w(C) exceeded that of来源：考试大
5 T5 h6 u3 z- Q! r; a(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
[答案] C 动词exceeded （超过）要求比较的内容相当。（C）代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”
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(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
[答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。（D）改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。