托福语法指导－平行结构及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构来源：考试大
　　解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分，多是考试焦点。

9 V5 P& R" ?7 G7 v- ^. I3 Y' r　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
# S# c& n6 H- [$ u- V# Z+ d* @(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故（A）应用形容词transparent与之并列。

7 j8 v9 c& A8 N& X(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
9 r( f% V7 d7 x9 [- R. E1 {) C$ e[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故（A）动名词应改为actress。
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1 u+ q0 R2 K! T! V+ J- B(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
; o  F7 I/ g- k' o+ a, s[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故（C）亦应改为单数tissue。
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$ A* c' F" r- z+ x- I- ?(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
: E9 G. L+ }$ C" {6 D$ r# s[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故（C）动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.

2 O. D! f  v% V8 {5 u(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
9 Z/ r# Y' z2 a4 @" Y# W, l/ Z[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故（D）不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
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(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
3 P$ k* ~: _7 L+ A) m# {) H, u[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故（D）亦应改为动名词swallowing。
来源：考试大
6 A' y( M1 c* E　　2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。来源：考试大
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　　全真列题分析来源：考试大
(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
# F6 F* @5 Q( b- u8 u& L7 C% n(A) as was
(B) than was
0 W- v* q: m( _4 i6 C(C) than did
(D) as did (92.8)
/ O+ ?, G% v) k9 {. o, {6 k( Q[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选（C）than did与之平行。

* G4 ^8 r/ S; s7 N6 @% b! G(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
(A) there are most other states
- o$ H9 i/ g" g+ b0 i(B) most other states which have
(C) most other states have
- ^/ a3 `! a0 u2 O* K(D) having most other states (93.10)
4 d/ X* ]8 j8 q* ~/ d4 n[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有（C）的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。

' d3 t" j6 r, N' y, f8 P(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
(A) that of its mining and farming combined来源：考试大
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined来源：考试大
) \2 b% i3 ^& c. @5 E5 H5 Q5 U(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
. s6 N- Y/ C9 a; U6 c[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值（the annual worth) （A）中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。

(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
(A) the domestic marketer has来源：考试大
(B) the domestic marketer does
& U. N/ D; ~; r: v; C(C) those of the domestic marketer
- [- L1 Z- P  |/ `% b(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
4 d: o. L) F$ p: k7 w3 {$ W[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动（the activities) 为避免同词重复，用（C）those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。

(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
  \  r, g" y% \. k& A% T- l3 m: R(A) than cane sugar does
! G, t8 n/ t. n4 O  |(B) does cane sugar
+ Q% y# z1 h' }8 ?6 Y/ Y& c* r& J(C) cane sugar
(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
* W2 Q4 W# V/ U5 c# y[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does（答案A及B），但可省略系词，如（D）。

会计考友

　　3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the＋比较级要求前后结构相等。
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　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
(A) although
(B) which来源：考试大
! v& f! q" s- }0 i(C) and
(D) the (92.1)
. [9 R2 `- ]# `$ g5 C[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与（D）the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。
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　　比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
$ K0 e6 x4 F7 d$ V+ F* T(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
+ c6 V9 ?+ D. u8 v  o(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
4 E# X( {; [# s8 F3 n* H# ~0 ?(C) greater stress is
4 V4 O  D8 e# B3 Y3 P0 Z) I& N; o(D) the greater the stress (90.1)来源：考试大
[答案] D The less the surface 与答案（D） the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
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2 E/ q  b$ {, Y: o" S! e3 F　　4. 语意上的平行结构
　　解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。

$ E  C* V0 U+ r3 ?8 J, t+ M/ l. U　　全真例题分析
(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
(A) than inventing
(B) than as the inventor
(C) the invention
(D) as the inventor (90.8)
[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
% I" X' u9 A0 h5 z3 r2 K7 ?  e) V; [3 B
(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
(A) such
( K' G% k2 H2 A5 N9 N! y(B) more
(C) as
(D) than (90.1)
[答案] C 动词rival （比得上）要求比较二项结构相等。

(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
* d$ z9 Y# |8 m* G8 C5 r(A) that exceeded
, n  r- U- y1 M4 z! k* I; @# o(B) exceeded that
# Z6 I8 c; z1 ?9 w+ m+ D# @( p(C) exceeded that of来源：考试大
2 P9 c! {! Z. k) p' k+ F9 C3 @% l(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
- f3 q2 E4 x" S; K0 o0 Y[答案] C 动词exceeded （超过）要求比较的内容相当。（C）代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”

(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
[答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。（D）改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。