托福语法指导－平行结构及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构来源：考试大
9 H1 b' E; S. B  |! M$ z　　解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分，多是考试焦点。

　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
7 f  z  d/ X6 n(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
) x# I6 x! Y' b5 r" C! z% I6 E# a[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故（A）应用形容词transparent与之并列。

(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故（A）动名词应改为actress。

(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
! u4 T+ w0 T. {[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故（C）亦应改为单数tissue。

5 I2 G' K, [8 l2 J' o(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故（C）动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.

(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故（D）不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。

(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
8 `; o: n+ b5 r' U[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故（D）亦应改为动名词swallowing。
$ p& j- Q- D; r" t来源：考试大
　　2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。来源：考试大
5 y0 U8 c9 E- ?5 L
3 f5 g3 O$ g0 g+ X# g9 v　　全真列题分析来源：考试大
% S" u  f% k& e+ E, C' p! ~& A(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
(A) as was
(B) than was
(C) than did
(D) as did (92.8)
/ d, v* h9 U2 b3 q+ ]2 `4 q[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选（C）than did与之平行。
' V. z+ a) |3 i' p% ]
+ _# ~/ w3 y  w: k8 F(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
, G; c4 x6 y3 I$ g; V7 \8 G(A) there are most other states
(B) most other states which have
(C) most other states have
) ?- D4 y. A' P& g(D) having most other states (93.10)
[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有（C）的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
1 k& Y2 V0 e4 a$ n+ \8 H
(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
, r$ h3 g4 m. H# a$ a/ M(A) that of its mining and farming combined来源：考试大
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined来源：考试大
(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
, Q& I, C# I: }6 o[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值（the annual worth) （A）中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。
  Y+ W- C+ q/ k( H/ }! Q/ B
(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
(A) the domestic marketer has来源：考试大
5 R7 B1 N/ M/ _3 ?) S, u$ H(B) the domestic marketer does
(C) those of the domestic marketer
(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动（the activities) 为避免同词重复，用（C）those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。

(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
' {5 \; e# J, o0 Z6 R% ](A) than cane sugar does
/ i3 y' `( S( j* x(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
2 [. s/ Y% L. _9 K9 ]' E(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does（答案A及B），但可省略系词，如（D）。

会计考友

　　3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the＋比较级要求前后结构相等。
0 C' o- Z4 c6 M; O- s: L2 V/ B1 f
　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
3 j/ @4 f4 n* Y. S1 ]) R: F(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
(A) although
(B) which来源：考试大
(C) and
1 J, K: d# Z4 ^) L& P. x(D) the (92.1)
; ~/ I: h& u7 k' n/ ~' |4 q[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与（D）the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。

% w1 s2 w2 c; S; t9 I- D: R　　比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词
. b) t( T- w. Y8 ](2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
2 M& W- ]# X/ N2 ~/ E(C) greater stress is
5 A; Z8 _$ _: f" A(D) the greater the stress (90.1)来源：考试大
[答案] D The less the surface 与答案（D） the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
: j! ]4 }9 O9 W- G7 o) J
. ]+ d* K; n$ z9 I" Q4 }2 ]　　4. 语意上的平行结构
　　解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念，尽管不是比较级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。

　　全真例题分析
+ l% U8 r* k/ a  r(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
(A) than inventing
+ c, W' o" {. ^/ a5 l3 C(B) than as the inventor
! j5 r* a. f5 h3 w(C) the invention
(D) as the inventor (90.8)
4 M% F: _' I! r9 L: [[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。

0 |* ?9 p+ g, B8 q, c(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
(A) such
(B) more
9 d; v5 p, ?2 F4 G/ C(C) as
(D) than (90.1)
[答案] C 动词rival （比得上）要求比较二项结构相等。

(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
* Q6 _# p) b4 y' S  o  {(A) that exceeded
' v' o; t+ Y. q+ V(B) exceeded that
(C) exceeded that of来源：考试大
(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
[答案] C 动词exceeded （超过）要求比较的内容相当。（C）代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”

# q0 W- c$ ^8 g1 E% s+ @/ b(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
& P4 _7 _& L* D& h! Y) Q[答案] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。（D）改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。