复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点2 \0 A6 I1 x+ A1 i( f, H
' D9 I6 c2 ]: L, A" S 1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词来源:考试大
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全真例题分析 x% u5 D" _) @$ @$ h3 @
(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.
4 f9 g& [+ B0 l- |- Y5 Y(A) traps: i0 [- ~8 O( s f% H" f& m8 l6 f
(B) trap its来源:考试大: n" H4 Y5 }; z% ?% B% M
(C) which traps2 v) o- H5 J- m& Y# x
(D) which it traps (92.1)
& x5 H S- s/ } s, u* C[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。
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0 m1 \7 @9 {. b# B4 i" c2 K9 A(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.2 A( q! H" P& ~' j
(A) there来源:考试大
: ^& v" I1 b$ t( |, e6 L" i; Q! q(B) wherever. ?+ G9 N. E% q. _# S# R
(C) somewhere
* ~# M( @" k- a1 _" |: X7 Z1 W+ X3 X(D) then (92.5)
% u2 s3 T) w ]$ b3 n3 T& u[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。7 ?7 D9 a- s' ?1 U( {: o& a0 ^
& X. E2 Y/ R8 u" `4 _7 S(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.' i$ ?# p! z# o4 _
(A) him
+ M& W+ f# j8 r, o! y1 q v(B) although来源:考试大
7 S2 Y3 H+ I3 _. m1 n+ G) [; p(C) or
( }1 F+ Q0 t% v3 `8 ?(D) who (92.10)
. E' p: T V8 Y# j[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。
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(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.0 ~' k* `$ F* l. o
(A) A volcano erupts: [" z( m, C5 x, f# B3 x9 {
(B) A volcano whether erupts
! Y2 u7 h0 f2 z: J- H(C) A volcano erupts it
( j7 T+ G+ y+ F! n v' A* h5 ^(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
t8 m, h2 w) _/ K! w[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。来源:考试大- _1 {9 @+ s2 k! r5 Y* _
) y4 y% O* J5 z: k( o( A 2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用来源:考试大9 c& E* e& H0 r" ]+ X' b
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解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
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全直例题分析来源:考试大
5 X) Z4 L* p8 w" p6 i8 [/ }# w. M(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5). J; t* U1 u( z+ y2 w
[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that。
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1 [7 P6 X7 h) G- V3 C/ |(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
) f: O/ S9 G- H+ g } a[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who。- D, g5 e+ Z+ L6 }. w j
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(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)# U/ d3 R7 i# ? q3 ^
[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。
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6 m% A- F" B1 N(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)3 p* U ]. M$ e; P8 I( o/ ?6 m
[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that。" k0 ~* C" K( ?- E
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3. 介词+关系代词which结构来源:考试大
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5 p* f1 U: J. \7 ^5 } l 解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。7 u0 ^/ V: q* M! u+ I& }) E
6 j" Y; b; N# y" Y9 r 全真例题分析来源:考试大
( s! H) k( E; A7 z(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.
. I( ~( M1 B7 o(A) is which; G4 v) ?5 F8 X6 i c3 E
(B) on which来源:考试大
2 A9 n# D u" D7 X; i6 r$ o, [(C) which is on6 p& d8 d8 ~ e. m2 ?
(D) on it (91.1)
2 }# X) K$ V$ q% F2 y[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。! N& j8 D1 t+ l- S# I% S+ K
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(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.- r2 Q B$ W4 J6 m: h, e
(A) through it
$ m! ~9 r* x5 u6 D8 r(B) through which
2 [0 ^' M, c- D0 f(C) that is through来源:考试大
# u# J- e* X: I6 v(D) there goes through (93.3)
6 {; z0 n$ _# |$ F1 J[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
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6 x( D. n- \" K7 o2 P% i& v% s(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.
. b! @& Z6 U7 S. n, k5 H$ w) q: r0 D(A) which
- S4 e' d1 }5 [# P6 _(B) which in来源:考试大9 A! @" ]* `" x* w/ f7 n8 D6 X: Q# F
(C) in which4 W+ y' P4 X0 a) O
(D) in (90.5)9 q" p3 J9 I8 T }# v
[答案] C in which = where- B4 Q/ u3 [; N% ?
. \- D! u* \3 j& I* y" ]$ ^(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended., S- z2 e% e K
(A) they were for
0 S* h; y( r& X! o1 u; o" l8 j(B) for they were来源:考试大1 c0 U9 s0 U6 M
(C) which were they
: j ?! ~' L9 ?# N% \(D) for which they were (93.10)
8 e( _* f& Y) b* b[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。 |