复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点" {# [, j7 _. [. m- U. u
* E D* g5 _; z) p, E; @ 1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词来源:考试大
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0 H w7 U, g+ `( t( { 全真例题分析, e1 ~; r- }/ I9 {
(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.! K. z! A0 |' Z+ D2 d, I
(A) traps
& C1 a$ `: U# D) q# i, ?; q(B) trap its来源:考试大
/ u ^% t( D. L" F, v2 g4 ~(C) which traps+ W# v- D+ i* ]; _/ f/ z
(D) which it traps (92.1)
) m4 z9 e' V# a0 I/ ^' N% r[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。
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(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.
& O! |5 M6 |: l. C) a% a(A) there来源:考试大, \8 a6 x( s9 ?
(B) wherever
, t" q4 P7 h% n, H4 J9 s! T(C) somewhere
6 H, f I: k; j(D) then (92.5)3 p- I8 M! @5 {
[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。
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& U! ]5 x4 G3 U* A( {1 G% O8 v(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.1 B' I' \0 e3 f2 l6 h) j5 k5 {
(A) him ) ~* V" g2 |; U7 q5 p0 [
(B) although来源:考试大2 M* O+ L. v# x. |6 `
(C) or+ a& F+ o6 d6 V- T+ D
(D) who (92.10); }6 s) M$ Y) j: c$ Z
[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。
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" R% L& X1 O4 ~2 V9 U/ m(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
# p( |2 m5 |0 f* d5 c9 D(A) A volcano erupts
2 u* x2 D* z5 u9 l% |3 s(B) A volcano whether erupts
6 N% n# _! \) o; V6 ~2 {(C) A volcano erupts it( M' x& Z2 a9 R8 I N1 e
(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
1 C; C: ]* h d7 a[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。来源:考试大: ^% [- T: O! B" e2 f
8 x9 E( W8 X' D* D& ^, K. T* T, w 2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用来源:考试大2 A- a* o5 b6 j, D0 y$ T% h
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解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
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- R: Q1 s0 s4 `! R0 v0 _ Z; W2 f 全直例题分析来源:考试大
1 k- j5 d) l0 @& M3 ^$ b(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)) ^6 A' f* |8 [( V
[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that。
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1 d7 x7 ?- L7 n# n$ f(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1): N3 [( H1 i- X
[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who。
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6 N, V3 }& S0 c- x* i% G: _(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)# q* j0 ^. Y( W4 x0 C
[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。* g* T: I3 B# r5 H! j! T( h
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(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
) L4 w' t7 V7 Z2 n, t[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that。
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3. 介词+关系代词which结构来源:考试大
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U' b9 u' T$ u& Y$ o4 X. n 解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。4 v5 L, ^4 F" k" C
6 }7 x4 y' n- k' Q1 C 全真例题分析来源:考试大
/ P J l* |& q$ q+ ]$ A(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.+ B! m/ G: C9 j3 h* @+ E+ I* f1 q
(A) is which
$ a+ N3 `2 e% N1 `8 Z4 o, {(B) on which来源:考试大
5 ~2 `. l* J( y h- @(C) which is on3 }4 n5 K3 \$ Y4 C J$ }5 f x y
(D) on it (91.1)# A* u' n8 j* b* P4 g8 o. a
[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。8 M2 y9 a1 _) q' B' m- p0 h
+ C a) r" o7 E' v9 s(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.% d3 ?# M! O) d* y
(A) through it p2 F# t, P& g, Y- P9 y
(B) through which
4 W" f+ v! V6 d' U4 c7 y(C) that is through来源:考试大
) J) L6 a( K1 U! _" ?(D) there goes through (93.3)
! e, X+ d4 g; b; H[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
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(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.
1 Z5 b0 j& f7 C7 s+ `(A) which / t& |% r# ]3 X- ~6 a2 W5 F) e
(B) which in来源:考试大
* q1 ^6 C7 D% Z5 ]0 A(C) in which
e7 ?0 n: }* _5 w, y(D) in (90.5)5 }1 D% r* c6 l2 G. z5 i# Y" c* m
[答案] C in which = where" W9 @ h) ]* D1 h0 F9 F+ L; H3 e
. ^, O @7 H2 e& n9 f. M(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.
- F+ o1 j9 @6 S5 O; f* v- x* @(A) they were for
3 j3 I. ~0 d2 {* P* A( }" m(B) for they were来源:考试大
0 a! Y& s5 O5 |3 d4 x( C(C) which were they s9 S0 N; q/ i/ ]
(D) for which they were (93.10)
@" r4 U" s9 D, F/ j[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。 |