2010年托福考试语法题笔记（一）

会计考友

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
　　A. in disease
7 n+ S4 m3 R( q& D, b　　B. that disease
　　C. of disease
　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
　　分析：动词 believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
( C) }4 H/ g6 x% a　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
/ o+ Y$ U  z' `" H* w　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
, }$ n5 ^' {9 @0 p$ _( X　　B. the first woman conductor
9 g; d1 [# ]; Y  x　　C. the woman was first conducting
　　D. the woman conducts first
　　答案：B
9 F9 p. f1 R# [1 g) C+ A4 b6 d　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
' z4 W) Q8 Z; P5 x　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
  V8 ]! y4 {7 ?* m( g　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
2 a( l9 N& S" ~5 Q4 d  z　　A. the first African American
' r; z* s% Q4 _/ c" u) w8 S　　B. the first African American was
  L4 w0 P3 H4 u& [( O% a　　C. she was the first African American
4 w) B2 g1 C7 r' b6 ]- }# n　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
/ `+ v1 F# y% @" Z5 {　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
' Z; V7 r  ?( M8 [! x7 t8 P8 A- C, [* X　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
5 @; z5 @) p3 ^5 D& O　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
+ V( h3 _- t" q) [; J6 ?　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
6 J& U2 q* c4 c* l　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
/ b; F+ B' R2 p& j; v4 c　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
2 W5 s6 f0 H6 s. [: [　　答案：B
/ M8 B& e' ?" x% F　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错；C中语序混乱，错； D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
4 K9 z8 r$ m% n9 g　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
1 S: F  }1 R  i" L* \% o9 M　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
　　C. became
" A& K3 P8 E$ H, V: p　　D. did he become
　　答案：A
　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错；C缺主语；D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
+ A* }& p. G$ y, L- q　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
( k  F7 s% V, \! w　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
) |; c+ X( X! Z( ^; h: F$ {! D　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
. G, D! q  U2 I" l　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
　　D. Classified botanically as berries
# y9 R* d: Y; E+ I1 ^8 }　　答案：D
3 ^+ y# `6 C% I/ o* W0 Z2 T　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且 classification和berries也不相符，错；B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错；C中Because为 conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
5 K8 [2 A& T7 X3 u! ?5 s# ?; n6 v　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
2 u$ v: ^, _7 f" J; v8 U6 t5 ?, @　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
* L% @8 t, o* q3 w　　A. a basic instrument
8 i6 F/ ^1 H! o' j2 K　　B. basic instrument
　　C. how basic an instrument it is
' k; J& w3 E0 {/ a　　D. as an instrument is basic
　　答案：A
; s) D; R/ ]- u# |　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8 s; |" e3 J4 r& v3 n6 L* q　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
: Q- p7 y: D9 n　　A. as they are
3 f/ _9 U) y& r% R4 o% u( H! C　　B. are they
　　C. there are
　　D. are
　　答案：A
9 C3 R9 P9 v* y- K2 Q2 r: s　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
% c6 K3 a$ d4 I; f0 A1 F' b　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
+ w# V5 j6 h* r8 A& c, V0 @9 G　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
, h: s4 ^; e4 T# K; r7 u" v/ Q　　A. Working fire extinguishers
* N4 k( t5 e, K  Y　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
  |( J; ], J' l0 j- |　　C. Fire extinguishers work
　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
　　答案：C
- X# P  L: K9 J5 r　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语；B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语；D也没有谓语。
* }1 u/ ^% A9 e3 p( h　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
4 L. h, {. T% b1 N　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
- Q& K0 E# Q0 s' b2 Z& f　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
! r0 x* L7 X8 }6 d, Y; f; @3 l　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
% [) Z7 B& g* w) }　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
9 X9 k( n' Z) q　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。