2010年托福考试语法题笔记（一）

会计考友

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
　　A. in disease
　　B. that disease
　　C. of disease
- ?6 O, _6 p; A8 w8 i' Q! c　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
　　分析：动词 believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
' N/ ^( h$ Q( _9 I" u4 D2 S　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
　　B. the first woman conductor
6 t7 Y9 F; C' {1 s; t2 q2 B% d" v* p　　C. the woman was first conducting
　　D. the woman conducts first
: q+ J, ?" F6 C5 D9 _　　答案：B
　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
2 X0 N/ D- U$ j% R3 R  e/ s　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
　　A. the first African American
3 |' ^) u) d* Q: b　　B. the first African American was
: t' [% L+ g$ ~* g7 [- r# k　　C. she was the first African American
1 ?' {- M  M8 l1 i# w6 f/ x　　D. when the first African American
4 {; R/ g9 o0 ]　　答案：A
4 `  N# f( O# z. n# G3 G　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
4 I, J, Y$ s1 P$ z( m  q　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
7 i, a1 B3 O; p) S" G　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
8 C0 O  Z1 o- R3 \( \* D　　答案：B
8 A& `8 B; w  t2 M- C$ F' D7 [　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错；C中语序混乱，错； D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
% _2 T. X0 G1 a1 n3 m　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
  [2 ~+ J8 X- A' k' M　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
　　C. became
　　D. did he become
　　答案：A
　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错；C缺主语；D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
. J' w& X; Q3 O/ ~. s- L　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
6 t: T3 B9 w7 C5 |1 W+ t, s, [　　D. Classified botanically as berries
7 j1 M3 o% [: j3 Q4 t4 p# b　　答案：D
　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且 classification和berries也不相符，错；B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错；C中Because为 conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
/ x% U. h: f+ O/ e3 J1 b- A* M　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
2 Z- X  B6 `! R* ?, G　　A. a basic instrument
8 z9 G  p8 ]* k6 I% o* v　　B. basic instrument
, m9 ?* j3 G; Y$ Z7 G; m　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
1 h- _* h3 Q' ~6 w8 F) I　　答案：A
" @6 n8 }+ Z+ U5 m0 e　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
! h- w5 |7 l/ ]4 l$ u8 q　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
　　A. as they are
　　B. are they
　　C. there are
% t8 n$ E0 q* O+ e8 i, R　　D. are
　　答案：A
9 N5 I  @  }' ]' V　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
2 y5 b4 D& r5 i* u: f8 ]: e; I# a4 j　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
. P6 `& G# b$ s( Y7 E　　A. Working fire extinguishers
　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
% T2 {6 B; I' P+ u* b: @# j　　C. Fire extinguishers work
0 ~6 W" R. N. u: s　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
　　答案：C
" M$ Q3 v1 c* h# A- u+ r　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语；B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语；D也没有谓语。
　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
& s. Q2 C2 {7 @' l$ Y# b$ l　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
- L0 U+ r1 ]+ j- e; k) i　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
- M, u$ b: B& k2 J* H　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
6 f! T$ Y( v( F　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
/ k7 ?* _1 _& Y- s　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。