托福语法指导－副词及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样，是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来，有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项：（1）副词与形容词混淆（详见本忆要点之[词类变化]）（2）否定副词Not 的用法、（3）易混淆的副词。

( d: m$ \, F; e5 o# @% ]　　副词常考题型及解题要点
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6 y2 J1 }; j6 w! P( d% _　　1 副词与形容词的功能区别：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分

5 k/ V' y) t: V+ n9 K9 Y[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。

  e$ a9 s$ J6 q9 o; X[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid，而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
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　　2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别
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　　解题要点： 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型，主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中，应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。
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　　全真例分析
(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
- z/ \% \0 e5 N1 b! N  ^9 a' x' a(A) none
/ p) c: K. A+ X" |2 t/ a(B) no
# M: e8 k8 q. b! G, @" |8 K(C) not
(D) never (94.1)
  M5 X# d& z4 Q" S5 M[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no，而非副词not。
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+ J3 L- a& p2 I) h2 H( J# }, C0 S(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
0 [3 a! `. e+ q/ z/ Y: U" }2 _(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
0 X7 C3 m" b/ x  w" I# s(D) None (91.10)
" [6 _8 q1 r! }3 R2 m[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。

* w' Z3 Y: d% b* P6 q(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
  {6 z8 Q, y% N( G7 p" c(A) Nowhere
0 w5 v! X+ [3 c1 Z$ q. [3 A(B) Not
* S+ e! J3 A5 }( ](C) No
(D) None (91.8)
[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all （不是所有的）是固定短语搭配，表示的是部分否定，not all = sosme。

3 J- J  t: \- p/ c+ {" ?(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
; Q3 R6 O  e. i! b( F(A) none
(B) no
7 c9 {; k/ f7 w6 o* I, N: E4 {(C) not
(D) nor (90.5)
[答案] C 否定系词is，应用副词not。
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(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
[答案] A Not 改为No.
5 `' t% x. s. g/ w( a7 X# {3 v　　3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词

hare (努力、副词）－ hardly （几乎不、副词）
close （接近、形容词）－ closely （接近、副词）
near （接近、形容词）－ nearly （几乎、副词）
* K; }- R+ r) Nmost （大多数的、形容词）－mostly（主要地、副词）
late （迟、晚、形容词）－lately（最近、副词）
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　　全真例题分析
(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
7 s7 o3 `8 w, ?: E6 X1 I) Y[答案] B hardly （几乎不）改为hard（努力）。

(2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near（接近）。
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(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。