托福语法指导－副词及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样，是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来，有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项：（1）副词与形容词混淆（详见本忆要点之[词类变化]）（2）否定副词Not 的用法、（3）易混淆的副词。
. K) G2 g& D" q# {% a- Z
　　副词常考题型及解题要点
7 d' y; A% e, O: p
$ K- I$ c6 g% h" X" G# @; |4 `　　1 副词与形容词的功能区别：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分

, v- o) ^/ H6 F6 _+ o  G[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。

! c( R% w8 i8 |. X4 {[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid，而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
& d( I; Z. A6 C& w
" ~, U6 U" H& `1 l* y& p　　2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别

　　解题要点： 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型，主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中，应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。
* \4 s; v& R* I  S
1 `( u8 [* s7 [# {8 e2 @: H- m: v　　全真例分析
: I, H  w9 L3 r(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
9 Y. j9 R" K' R1 ~- I' J(D) never (94.1)
  Q6 U# j( x# N' ?  S1 {& P[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no，而非副词not。

(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
(D) None (91.10)
[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。

& B5 B* Y) ^, m5 C4 M" z: i+ L/ X(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
3 G, o( D& Y, E(A) Nowhere
(B) Not
" Y, Z  h. I, t+ E8 I* G) a(C) No
, d2 J, l  k7 c) ^7 Z/ @+ n2 l(D) None (91.8)
[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all （不是所有的）是固定短语搭配，表示的是部分否定，not all = sosme。

3 `& c; c- d/ t( L(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor (90.5)
; ]1 Y* b- a2 c4 j; \2 l9 ^[答案] C 否定系词is，应用副词not。
2 R! M% ?2 u8 ~
(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
' ^, B; A9 [: W! f: y' Y/ s[答案] A Not 改为No.
9 G8 K# R. o( \9 S4 u$ v5 O1 D　　3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
& m3 s+ S6 @6 O2 R# a" b( x: Q$ ]; {
hare (努力、副词）－ hardly （几乎不、副词）
close （接近、形容词）－ closely （接近、副词）
) X8 T% a) k! j! v) ^6 P/ [/ |' b; snear （接近、形容词）－ nearly （几乎、副词）
most （大多数的、形容词）－mostly（主要地、副词）
late （迟、晚、形容词）－lately（最近、副词）
5 z+ V$ }2 X/ F- r" B
% w% Y. Z; |2 g6 Y2 c/ W　　全真例题分析
(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
[答案] B hardly （几乎不）改为hard（努力）。
/ k9 h! \( W6 B9 ]* W
(2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near（接近）。
, H  r  J' I2 a1 q5 A" G- Z: {# p; ^
(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
- f: h9 z; }8 p[答案] B most closely 改为most close。