托福语法指导－副词及真题要点解析

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　　副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样，是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来，有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项：（1）副词与形容词混淆（详见本忆要点之[词类变化]）（2）否定副词Not 的用法、（3）易混淆的副词。
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. {1 j1 v6 m+ [, v　　副词常考题型及解题要点
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7 x, F* `. r0 |. |0 S/ d# T, E6 M  Y　　1 副词与形容词的功能区别：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分
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5 f) G4 c  ?/ |4 e3 l% w( h; `[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)
* v* E. u0 ~  k, x; I; X; a0 ]% O[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。
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& F7 s% @- [2 M/ |! a5 g: ^[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
1 U8 V1 L0 e# ~  A! n$ o- q9 F[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid，而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。

6 x7 G' d" l3 B9 o9 c5 V. l　　2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别
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　　解题要点： 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型，主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中，应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。

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(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
% w- w5 @+ z' o( S- _(A) none
4 E7 d1 }8 t. B(B) no
$ o" N* l  ~( C# g. M# o(C) not
) R  e# E+ G- X(D) never (94.1)
5 ]8 A2 m. S' f) x3 V* R/ z/ j+ B[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no，而非副词not。

(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
+ B7 L% L. }% e- j: ?- x3 i4 h4 U3 [(D) None (91.10)
' N" y' s5 B" |( \9 G3 O7 V[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
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- N1 e/ _( @8 t& y8 T(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
(A) Nowhere
& q% m8 D3 E$ u6 {(B) Not
(C) No
(D) None (91.8)
1 r6 g8 q9 }0 W# g2 |+ E  x+ F[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all （不是所有的）是固定短语搭配，表示的是部分否定，not all = sosme。

(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
$ [% X& I/ g2 `7 t3 ^(A) none
$ J, R' c3 ?2 n7 c, N" O# O4 u(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor (90.5)
[答案] C 否定系词is，应用副词not。
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" o3 N' F$ T5 J9 A% t) K6 k* G) m7 n(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
# A/ l9 e5 N; s6 n, |[答案] A Not 改为No.
$ M9 S: P( p$ H　　3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词

6 o; C: Z9 Z6 g( O& fhare (努力、副词）－ hardly （几乎不、副词）
' U- H$ x4 q+ G2 [# tclose （接近、形容词）－ closely （接近、副词）
" \9 R7 N2 J0 r: D) ^4 s" H  N' e; anear （接近、形容词）－ nearly （几乎、副词）
most （大多数的、形容词）－mostly（主要地、副词）
late （迟、晚、形容词）－lately（最近、副词）
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# K( T6 G$ N- _3 J3 }: y; P　　全真例题分析
(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
[答案] B hardly （几乎不）改为hard（努力）。

(2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
% }& u- ^* P1 f( i8 J: X  @4 t/ T[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near（接近）。
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(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。