托福语法指导－冠词及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　有关冠词的考题在TOEFL测试中所占比例较小，但出现频率较高，而且是单一题型反复再现，即不定冠词a和an混淆错用。这类题目全部集中在Written Expression(16-40题)中。其次，定冠词the的用法也是考试范围。
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　　冠词常考题型及解题要点

3 F; |7 R* @5 x' M" }% F　　1.不定冠词a与an的区别

　　解题要点 “a”后面接以辅音开始的字词“an”后面接以元音开始的字词。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现有a或an，应首先察看它后面的单词，以判断此不定冠词是否正确。
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　　全真例题分析
6 O' F2 l& H/ H（1） The Montreal International Exposition,“Expo. 67”was applauded for displaying an degree of taste superior to that of similar expositions.
(答案) B 改为a degree。
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（2） If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.
(答案) A改为an atom

8 M0 n- Q, v0 A% [（3） Since the beginning of this century the United States government has played an role in the supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.
, T5 a/ B3 g/ T: X(答案) A改为a role

（4）  A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.
) y9 J3 ^  L: V# K9 v, y(答案) A 改为An election
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/ m+ }* |& e2 f7 K. Z4 d　　2. 可数名词前面通常要有冠词或其它限定形容词, 非泛指的可数名词一般不能独立存在。

　　全真例题分析
5 x% y& x2 r8 \8 {( M! H+ m（1）  A march is highly rhythmic piece of music first used by military bands to accompany marching. (94.1)
(答案) A 名词短语 piece of music 前面应加不定冠词：a highly rhythmic piece of music
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3 H, a$ p# d  y* S7 i- A% V（2）  The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones. (93.8)
(答案) A改为an instrument, instrument为可数名词，前面应有冠词。

! o/ d; N! b) c$ c, O2 j4 E（3） Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.
# A2 J/ S8 M+ G, b3 R(答案) A 名词art,表示“一门艺术”这个概念时，应加冠词。此句应改为an art。
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　　3.冠词的错误使用或遗漏
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8 c4 b' _0 m& L8 s7 Q1 E　　全真例题分析
, s: }: P% ^8 E. v! v* c! H（1） The Yukon River, which fllows into the Baring Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
(答案) D删掉定冠词the. Canada是专有名词，无需加冠词。表示“国家”“城市”“人物”等概念的专有名词前不加冠词。

（2） Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.
  Y* ]$ t5 |- p, ^2 [( \(答案) C 删除冠词the。动名词前不应加冠词。特别是当这个动名词带有宾语，它的动词属性更强烈，因而不能加冠词。

（3）  Some geologists predict that, by end of the next century, movement along the San Andreas Fault will have caused part of California to separate from the continent (88.1)
(答案) A 加入定冠词the,组成固定短语by the end。含冠词的词组不能随意删除或更换。

（4） At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining (89.10)
1 L6 m; h6 o. X: ?(答案) A 删除不定冠词a。At first为固定短语结构，不能随意添入冠词。

（5） Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction. (91.8)
! O" {6 m1 W' w' {6 w! {1 V(答案) A 此句的planets特指太阳系中的九大行星，故应加入定冠词the,即Seven of the planets……。