托福语法指导－冠词及真题要点解析

会计考友

　　有关冠词的考题在TOEFL测试中所占比例较小，但出现频率较高，而且是单一题型反复再现，即不定冠词a和an混淆错用。这类题目全部集中在Written Expression(16-40题)中。其次，定冠词the的用法也是考试范围。
  H  Y4 l' e5 n$ W0 {1 s. _; h" v
　　冠词常考题型及解题要点
5 G  d$ Z$ p$ V4 d. o4 }' ^( ]) V
8 R( A/ W$ G2 G3 `* U3 c7 l　　1.不定冠词a与an的区别

　　解题要点 “a”后面接以辅音开始的字词“an”后面接以元音开始的字词。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现有a或an，应首先察看它后面的单词，以判断此不定冠词是否正确。

　　全真例题分析
（1） The Montreal International Exposition,“Expo. 67”was applauded for displaying an degree of taste superior to that of similar expositions.
1 {% W" Z! ^, m& V% V) Y# C/ i(答案) B 改为a degree。

（2） If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.
9 j$ ]; p- S# m* u5 f* M: W: k3 W(答案) A改为an atom

（3） Since the beginning of this century the United States government has played an role in the supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.
(答案) A改为a role

6 I7 f( P7 t+ k& C; h: w& G（4）  A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.
5 B: h+ O. x4 V' l6 g$ L(答案) A 改为An election

7 o9 H  I+ N" h  ~9 w9 m0 K　　2. 可数名词前面通常要有冠词或其它限定形容词, 非泛指的可数名词一般不能独立存在。

　　全真例题分析
- [; p% u  e( ^: |/ ]* e% Y4 D（1）  A march is highly rhythmic piece of music first used by military bands to accompany marching. (94.1)
(答案) A 名词短语 piece of music 前面应加不定冠词：a highly rhythmic piece of music
5 h, X6 t3 S# A1 M+ W+ b% {% n" O
# H# S7 O1 y' v（2）  The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones. (93.8)
(答案) A改为an instrument, instrument为可数名词，前面应有冠词。
+ i1 N* _: M0 k# g# y1 t
- x4 B8 y6 r+ V9 T! i; Z( l（3） Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.
& t5 ]0 R$ |$ |9 a$ q  T! @$ a) K(答案) A 名词art,表示“一门艺术”这个概念时，应加冠词。此句应改为an art。
  a4 u+ W1 m$ f+ E
　　3.冠词的错误使用或遗漏
% h' n' M% o% z# Z: I
5 H8 T  m4 m" b. L　　全真例题分析
（1） The Yukon River, which fllows into the Baring Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
(答案) D删掉定冠词the. Canada是专有名词，无需加冠词。表示“国家”“城市”“人物”等概念的专有名词前不加冠词。

0 x+ _9 W3 j- m) d7 m（2） Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.
(答案) C 删除冠词the。动名词前不应加冠词。特别是当这个动名词带有宾语，它的动词属性更强烈，因而不能加冠词。

（3）  Some geologists predict that, by end of the next century, movement along the San Andreas Fault will have caused part of California to separate from the continent (88.1)
(答案) A 加入定冠词the,组成固定短语by the end。含冠词的词组不能随意删除或更换。
8 h( c& `- P# E; C9 H1 ?
6 y. z. ?1 A" B+ h/ F（4） At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining (89.10)
(答案) A 删除不定冠词a。At first为固定短语结构，不能随意添入冠词。

（5） Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction. (91.8)
* u2 e4 g8 A8 c$ a9 |! O' m/ `(答案) A 此句的planets特指太阳系中的九大行星，故应加入定冠词the,即Seven of the planets……。