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[托福语法] 托福语法辅导:各种表示比较的句子结构

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:
9 |+ A" K$ N/ }  }8 _3 l  A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
$ C$ g: n& M4 S' I$ E  一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。; F8 W; q* H4 g# Q1 d& q- o% {
  He was as white as a sheet.
; {  S3 q0 @" K) c2 I% k  他面色苍白如纸。9 r$ O3 B% k% g# C4 C
  Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
- e7 o+ u) h/ z$ k: Q" P  杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。; m2 W; \2 ~* C, l: B3 }, I  O4 q/ K
  Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.! K* W7 ~1 {7 {: y( {; B
  你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。. S( Q! [$ P& Q' W- H
  形容词比较级可与than连用:
, |5 i9 F# \+ L# C: j' `* r. A  The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
+ e9 l2 b. T+ h7 d6 P* S9 J; [- M* w  新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。% G/ W' e) E8 f% l
  He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
/ P1 z# E" [7 a  W4 U  他犯的错比你少。& g* O9 m1 Q; }, N9 U3 X
  He is stronger than I expected.
. Z" R8 a/ s+ \+ ]  他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:# @0 r' Q+ n/ ~8 Z# W: l0 C' I
  I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
" [% k7 M% `# S" P3 }! W  我没想到他长得这么壮。
9 ]" u5 }1 Y( B6 I9 ?  It was more expensive than I thought.
+ V% t( q" E3 D$ i, R& \% c; F5 O3 F  这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:/ _0 k* g, F/ T" R4 w
  I didn’t think it would be so expensive.7 @. r6 k* m# A/ O+ @+ {; [$ b
  我没想到它会有这么贵。
% V3 {  @( ]+ Y& a5 b/ O: W* y  如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:
. }* Z4 b* d: M5 T+ U  This is the best way.3 N6 v% g0 O9 C3 a0 Z% ]
  这是最好的办法。/ o1 D, D. H5 ^2 g
  在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 ) G4 c# w& B- w3 K% ~
  三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
) n5 F5 i" t# F: Y2 o) n' k. I  This is the oldest theatre in London.
2 Z& Y/ k' t5 Y0 n: [" F& B  P  这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
3 v0 r! e+ M1 b4 A1 D/ k  The youngest of the family was the most successful.
3 u) ~! b  d, X3 e7 B* f  全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
6 N- c( l' e( c% D  关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
7 U* K  }! }0 k6 v0 u  It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.4 `4 A' y  G- K$ I/ |7 _
  这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
* z6 A5 d2 o5 ~. f5 g  It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
% G7 H6 u6 m& _0 T  这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。
# A! ^) x- x& z! z  He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.0 V7 t' m2 ~3 z
  他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
3 _9 I) o3 I8 T& s7 N; X2 ~6 y, \( K  It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.) w! t3 }' T! t( I
  这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。  I- ^" `+ h, }9 I( N0 ]9 ?" g
  注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
: D( ~& Q3 l; q8 z0 z  I have never drunk better beer.8 A1 W0 E2 \, E2 ~; ^
  我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
6 S* ^4 C9 d: {% x0 p; t5 s* |5 d  I have never met a kinder man.
9 S6 G& R' D5 g, _$ R  我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
6 A  |4 ^- k5 m1 o  A  He had never spent a more worrying day.
  Y" l$ @$ i. N2 X1 T# l  他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。4 A7 _2 Z) ?* l1 ]+ w+ H  _2 m
  注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:1 f& O0 Q2 h7 \0 I
  You are most kind.相当于:
3 I2 [2 X# [0 I3 c: K  You are very kind.3 T0 i2 H3 G6 I7 Y3 v* v# @0 O
  你很好心。! U8 j9 L- ^" W" w
  意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。$ |6 s+ S+ {. B* n
     要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:% W- L* T7 @% M. {0 D
  House Agent:Do you want a big house?
- H& ~$ M3 @: J  房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
; X/ s0 W4 z* k  Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.: h$ Z" ~3 \. Y$ D, u  f% R/ R
  安:是的,越大越好。# _5 p9 W) q% z. {$ W
  Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.. i2 [% x6 H. l& s
  汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。1 a3 m- A2 u4 w
  一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:2 u0 |+ g! W/ j; h" [
  The weather is getting colder and colder.
- E1 y6 J) S! ]7 X! Z  天气越来越冷了。
1 i7 N! O4 t3 x. N  He became less and less interested.
% [- |' i3 e, e: w  他越来越不感兴趣。# |  e" Y# T( ^5 s3 P3 c
  用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
* m5 e1 q- O1 ^9 }( Y: O  Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
/ F$ d, y$ o" U2 R- ]. S$ V2 Q) w  骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。* |! j. d, B+ o
  It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.4 U& N& _) K# v5 o/ b. x
  偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 & ~& t: k. [2 k2 r  C7 s
  原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
* e  A2 ?( s" x: Y: w7 N  Tom is very like Bill.# ^& |- f& [- [6 W/ F8 a, F
  汤姆长得很像比尔。* w; {/ e/ y% O& t, I
  Bill and Tom are very alike.
9 L2 g/ c, c" o3 Q  `  贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
  X5 h* E1 o5 E% S5 ^  He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
2 |/ V2 j& @5 I7 k  他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。/ n8 |: b* A' E  ]
  原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:
+ S9 M; o9 O; E4 l) j$ J8 \6 H$ i  He swims like a fish.
0 e, w  `2 j2 k' R) r  他游起泳来像条鱼。
! V2 j1 A. x. x3 O; _  You look like a ghost.4 R4 N: c0 k; v6 P0 g
  你都不像人样了。
9 J" B& e; X3 g" l; t. E9 ?  Be like Peter/him:go jogging.; f  `8 Q8 _" P9 n- R
  像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。! m8 O: f# T+ y3 X  R2 Q
  The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.; @% U7 v8 @& G7 a0 ^& I
  窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。
) r- D; ^; T+ W8 X/ _) \  as(连词)与动词连用的结构:2 `: d' v. }& O
  Do as Peter does:go jogging.
: [9 _% e  H3 W  像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。5 T) H* Y3 u/ x+ v
  Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?% K. ~7 O2 Q+ P7 Q& E
  你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?) X6 ^( F- O* ^# z$ V6 [6 b& q
  但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:# {4 U& ]9 b  G  j+ s4 b
  Cycle to work like we do.
3 Z' I. {  J- ~$ P& b, x  像我们一样骑车上班。
; K+ B5 J7 Q9 w  `. n5 B. o6 F  I like+名词和as+名词结构:
3 n7 X/ w. [: Q: }  He worked like a slave.8 w  V3 g% I7 \) |% B2 r
  他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累); \% k9 O2 A9 `4 N! Z4 N. ?
  He worked as a slave.7 G* j' Q1 n" |: \
  他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)0 v7 z2 V. n. O% y5 D% @
  She used her umberlla as a weapon.
8 K9 B8 C, {' a* x0 J  她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)
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