形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:
9 |+ A" K$ N/ } }8 _3 l A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
$ C$ g: n& M4 S' I$ E 一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。; F8 W; q* H4 g# Q1 d& q- o% {
He was as white as a sheet.
; { S3 q0 @" K) c2 I% k 他面色苍白如纸。9 r$ O3 B% k% g# C4 C
Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
- e7 o+ u) h/ z$ k: Q" P 杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。; m2 W; \2 ~* C, l: B3 }, I O4 q/ K
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.! K* W7 ~1 {7 {: y( {; B
你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。. S( Q! [$ P& Q' W- H
形容词比较级可与than连用:
, |5 i9 F# \+ L# C: j' `* r. A The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
+ e9 l2 b. T+ h7 d6 P* S9 J; [- M* w 新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。% G/ W' e) E8 f% l
He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
/ P1 z# E" [7 a W4 U 他犯的错比你少。& g* O9 m1 Q; }, N9 U3 X
He is stronger than I expected.
. Z" R8 a/ s+ \+ ] 他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:# @0 r' Q+ n/ ~8 Z# W: l0 C' I
I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
" [% k7 M% `# S" P3 }! W 我没想到他长得这么壮。
9 ]" u5 }1 Y( B6 I9 ? It was more expensive than I thought.
+ V% t( q" E3 D$ i, R& \% c; F5 O3 F 这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:/ _0 k* g, F/ T" R4 w
I didn’t think it would be so expensive.7 @. r6 k* m# A/ O+ @+ {; [$ b
我没想到它会有这么贵。
% V3 { @( ]+ Y& a5 b/ O: W* y 如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:
. }* Z4 b* d: M5 T+ U This is the best way.3 N6 v% g0 O9 C3 a0 Z% ]
这是最好的办法。/ o1 D, D. H5 ^2 g
在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 ) G4 c# w& B- w3 K% ~
三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
) n5 F5 i" t# F: Y2 o) n' k. I This is the oldest theatre in London.
2 Z& Y/ k' t5 Y0 n: [" F& B P 这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
3 v0 r! e+ M1 b4 A1 D/ k The youngest of the family was the most successful.
3 u) ~! b d, X3 e7 B* f 全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
6 N- c( l' e( c% D 关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
7 U* K }! }0 k6 v0 u It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.4 `4 A' y G- K$ I/ |7 _
这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
* z6 A5 d2 o5 ~. f5 g It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
% G7 H6 u6 m& _0 T 这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。
# A! ^) x- x& z! z He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.0 V7 t' m2 ~3 z
他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
3 _9 I) o3 I8 T& s7 N; X2 ~6 y, \( K It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.) w! t3 }' T! t( I
这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。 I- ^" `+ h, }9 I( N0 ]9 ?" g
注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
: D( ~& Q3 l; q8 z0 z I have never drunk better beer.8 A1 W0 E2 \, E2 ~; ^
我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
6 S* ^4 C9 d: {% x0 p; t5 s* |5 d I have never met a kinder man.
9 S6 G& R' D5 g, _$ R 我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
6 A |4 ^- k5 m1 o A He had never spent a more worrying day.
Y" l$ @$ i. N2 X1 T# l 他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。4 A7 _2 Z) ?* l1 ]+ w+ H _2 m
注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:1 f& O0 Q2 h7 \0 I
You are most kind.相当于:
3 I2 [2 X# [0 I3 c: K You are very kind.3 T0 i2 H3 G6 I7 Y3 v* v# @0 O
你很好心。! U8 j9 L- ^" W" w
意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。$ |6 s+ S+ {. B* n
要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:% W- L* T7 @% M. {0 D
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
- H& ~$ M3 @: J 房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
; X/ s0 W4 z* k Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.: h$ Z" ~3 \. Y$ D, u f% R/ R
安:是的,越大越好。# _5 p9 W) q% z. {$ W
Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.. i2 [% x6 H. l& s
汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。1 a3 m- A2 u4 w
一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:2 u0 |+ g! W/ j; h" [
The weather is getting colder and colder.
- E1 y6 J) S! ]7 X! Z 天气越来越冷了。
1 i7 N! O4 t3 x. N He became less and less interested.
% [- |' i3 e, e: w 他越来越不感兴趣。# | e" Y# T( ^5 s3 P3 c
用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
* m5 e1 q- O1 ^9 }( Y: O Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
/ F$ d, y$ o" U2 R- ]. S$ V2 Q) w 骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。* |! j. d, B+ o
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.4 U& N& _) K# v5 o/ b. x
偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 & ~& t: k. [2 k2 r C7 s
原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
* e A2 ?( s" x: Y: w7 N Tom is very like Bill.# ^& |- f& [- [6 W/ F8 a, F
汤姆长得很像比尔。* w; {/ e/ y% O& t, I
Bill and Tom are very alike.
9 L2 g/ c, c" o3 Q ` 贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
X5 h* E1 o5 E% S5 ^ He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
2 |/ V2 j& @5 I7 k 他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。/ n8 |: b* A' E ]
原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:
+ S9 M; o9 O; E4 l) j$ J8 \6 H$ i He swims like a fish.
0 e, w `2 j2 k' R) r 他游起泳来像条鱼。
! V2 j1 A. x. x3 O; _ You look like a ghost.4 R4 N: c0 k; v6 P0 g
你都不像人样了。
9 J" B& e; X3 g" l; t. E9 ? Be like Peter/him:go jogging.; f `8 Q8 _" P9 n- R
像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。! m8 O: f# T+ y3 X R2 Q
The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.; @% U7 v8 @& G7 a0 ^& I
窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。
) r- D; ^; T+ W8 X/ _) \ as(连词)与动词连用的结构:2 `: d' v. }& O
Do as Peter does:go jogging.
: [9 _% e H3 W 像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。5 T) H* Y3 u/ x+ v
Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?% K. ~7 O2 Q+ P7 Q& E
你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?) X6 ^( F- O* ^# z$ V6 [6 b& q
但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:# {4 U& ]9 b G j+ s4 b
Cycle to work like we do.
3 Z' I. { J- ~$ P& b, x 像我们一样骑车上班。
; K+ B5 J7 Q9 w `. n5 B. o6 F I like+名词和as+名词结构:
3 n7 X/ w. [: Q: } He worked like a slave.8 w V3 g% I7 \) |% B2 r
他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累); \% k9 O2 A9 `4 N! Z4 N. ?
He worked as a slave.7 G* j' Q1 n" |: \
他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)0 v7 z2 V. n. O% y5 D% @
She used her umberlla as a weapon.
8 K9 B8 C, {' a* x0 J 她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。) |