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[托福语法] 托福语法辅导:各种表示比较的句子结构

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:
& R! s4 S8 S  J. Y/ D2 {  A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.( J* T7 o/ l4 @- {+ a1 i: @6 z
  一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。' N5 Z4 z, H6 _& E
  He was as white as a sheet.) o' E+ r4 W" P4 ]. K* b
  他面色苍白如纸。3 w5 Q' l1 X2 Z5 h" {2 J# Q( y5 d
  Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
2 w/ s: ?7 M# X/ m+ b2 g  杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。5 }) f8 X- A$ n" _5 g  y2 b
  Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.# g0 {* c" b+ {) k# v
  你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。
( A" j  |4 O! J. Z* S% h" r  形容词比较级可与than连用:
! e. H6 s- _. G  The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
3 d1 b$ c. e$ }- X: S  新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。
7 f6 V9 S( |5 b5 F1 H  He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
% u2 U# n  P* o' Q& V  他犯的错比你少。4 @7 M% H/ D3 p7 I. x, @
  He is stronger than I expected.4 _. _3 a  y9 \* C' @3 c  H6 ~
  他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:& q) H5 g7 O& c8 s
  I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
) A% H. K% s" k, w1 h% N3 L2 i7 Q  我没想到他长得这么壮。+ D& e* V! x+ \# |' z
  It was more expensive than I thought.
& w, V% P: n( ^( z* c" i3 u6 u5 Q" p  这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:. [+ Q/ ]6 j% P2 j
  I didn’t think it would be so expensive.
& Z  f2 t9 F, [0 F* t! B" m8 y  我没想到它会有这么贵。
0 p9 S9 S% f3 l) Y  如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:: A! E2 O4 i" m/ O% H/ r' @6 V
  This is the best way.
2 L/ W: ]! y3 T4 M/ F$ o& S  这是最好的办法。- y1 l. h/ H( _% S( D
  在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 2 \, I6 x5 |& Y% l) X
  三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
' M- n+ ^& h2 G& {- ]+ K  This is the oldest theatre in London.
' Q* w" Q9 O3 N% E  这是伦敦最古老的剧院。0 d7 c( @! f4 N" t2 n6 p8 O0 `
  The youngest of the family was the most successful.
- K$ [0 \% G$ m  全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。3 |! q1 w/ ~' q, s0 J! L
  关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
5 b: j, V* g  E$ s; P. j1 k  It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.4 W/ Q3 s. W- N
  这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
, Z1 F" b3 M0 H" U# A  It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.& F( Z/ T* |* f) r
  这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。8 j9 j( s0 o/ w/ y9 a
  He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
/ r+ o. \2 V' a# }. i, C  他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
8 U- Y( Z" @8 I4 V7 ]  It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
, j5 z7 ?8 w) B8 Y2 M$ p  这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。: O" A! j" D# C! ~; R3 y
  注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:1 }% V/ ?6 n" R; a( I
  I have never drunk better beer.0 t4 f% B& }7 ?* C) F
  我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
7 W5 D' X+ h8 B9 a- b  I have never met a kinder man.2 {( ]. Q; g6 P* u
  我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。4 Y7 a, ^# n3 m1 e* L
  He had never spent a more worrying day.
5 v- e7 o. }0 }7 W0 _  他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。' H$ c, N. k/ f
  注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:
$ G- w7 F* t0 t6 Y2 Q  You are most kind.相当于:5 u4 K- i# F, K# l. K; n
  You are very kind.
4 K0 N9 ^# x, O( |9 L! l  你很好心。
3 o4 k! C- f# i2 h! {# y) q  意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。8 [' I+ @, y3 S# w5 ~
     要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:
6 B4 H4 W/ z% s  House Agent:Do you want a big house?+ m% e1 Q* M1 V2 K6 v# ^
  房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?, g0 ~3 l8 m" P# F& K8 [, k7 v: c( B
  Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.6 t3 T2 H0 U; t' W5 b1 m
  安:是的,越大越好。' S% j1 l% P( F" {2 s7 E8 }9 {0 E3 j
  Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
3 @5 t8 e! Y# u; Z; @" M  汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。' o& Z0 N; e/ J  Q: K: g/ z) r
  一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:/ Z; w3 e0 R: j" Z
  The weather is getting colder and colder.1 i$ ^  u& I6 `+ {  s" J
  天气越来越冷了。
$ N; \# h. N8 k7 B9 K; I" r  D  He became less and less interested.8 r4 x3 [5 O2 K4 H" p8 ]# ^
  他越来越不感兴趣。8 ~* C% H+ |: A- S( o5 o7 [/ V
  用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:/ J+ E1 E0 |- ^7 Y9 g9 ?
  Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.# f3 t2 n" g/ l* @
  骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。; I% u0 o) U* ]
  It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.+ c% E+ O# o3 _( s: |
  偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 0 S/ H& m2 N/ X( c/ ~$ T, Q2 [; ?0 T
  原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:6 p1 y( W  J8 `7 `7 B, f0 G' R
  Tom is very like Bill.: t% Y7 y) S+ Z6 _
  汤姆长得很像比尔。
; `* h* L) u1 g( H! g/ U  O1 I6 A8 c  Bill and Tom are very alike.
* Y% P9 \. f5 Y2 j% _  C( A  贝尔和汤姆长得很像。! ]- T) h! v: C! [+ u4 N. O
  He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.1 r+ Q" e- q& K! i0 T+ y% E
  他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。+ W  w& W% l( h
  原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:5 C, J. i/ @; `; a% z
  He swims like a fish.
- _/ z' `" @2 d: R$ J1 Q- X  他游起泳来像条鱼。
) D  j% D5 @+ U/ G  X  You look like a ghost.7 d) s  I% b% ?3 e- M3 h1 q
  你都不像人样了。! m& l9 f9 ?3 o2 I4 j0 v
  Be like Peter/him:go jogging.5 a- d; J* c: o, s& T; h5 f% H
  像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。3 m/ p2 ]' D1 u
  The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.1 j) R9 G) `  H: }) c1 ~
  窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。8 e& O1 k7 V  ^; l3 D& ]1 Z
  as(连词)与动词连用的结构:( O* V) g! S8 u: U
  Do as Peter does:go jogging.1 x5 h' _  C$ B% K) s' C/ E
  像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。3 |; b! p+ a; s: Z) ?5 l
  Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?7 Q) l3 {, z3 X+ l0 D2 S$ g- v4 Z
  你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?% E( D; q  D2 V: P* P; @
  但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:
- p) c3 R  s4 O$ t( a  Cycle to work like we do.+ }' O" W1 W! U0 G
  像我们一样骑车上班。+ ]2 B) H# |% ]4 J3 ?& E
  I like+名词和as+名词结构:% i3 ^$ u2 S3 \# W9 }2 l5 R
  He worked like a slave.0 d* G( y# P3 R+ l" p5 r1 B
  他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)
+ D  G9 T9 ]6 u  He worked as a slave.
5 P! _( N, H, A6 Y  他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)
. {% t& X% G0 ~  She used her umberlla as a weapon.4 W4 `. Q' G' O& ]! s
  她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)
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