形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:; L* i7 h- C X% }: L. n
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
. L1 {. Z! _! {4 W 一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。
2 ~' X7 b, J4 [$ k6 T: e1 S He was as white as a sheet.
' ]! S/ P4 R/ ]2 g 他面色苍白如纸。8 [# ~$ n2 L( Q* J
Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.- j6 v/ b8 L0 J2 {/ L
杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。; p4 |. s' a4 C! s$ W: R
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.1 n, f4 k! C& z
你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。
. {- ^ L* ~ a: {% c6 g 形容词比较级可与than连用:% \+ o; c6 H# u+ p! ?
The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.% l; ~7 C: J) ]
新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。- ?+ c" K' X! C3 i' e, J
He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
; c3 n; R( F a5 O$ U# f" N 他犯的错比你少。
: A5 H9 i1 f9 L9 H( X He is stronger than I expected.
( z5 j: s z9 Y; u) F. Q 他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:
+ l& h: D$ y' H, V' }! L: C' V( h I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
' X* Y0 X' n: `9 d/ B- d g 我没想到他长得这么壮。3 C$ ?7 }; D" S( O8 k
It was more expensive than I thought., V4 W# [: E% d% S
这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:& G- i5 I) K9 b) G
I didn’t think it would be so expensive.
. Q) n4 C# F% B, m 我没想到它会有这么贵。5 \: m0 O9 z0 |6 T) p, g# I
如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:+ `$ S9 d |! A
This is the best way.
9 G; ^$ e, [! w' o( _3 p; x% y" _ 这是最好的办法。
5 E% F* M: Y3 a. t k. G 在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 , `0 y/ _+ D. _' t7 N: ^
三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
% Q0 Z5 n6 w, O2 q- j1 \ This is the oldest theatre in London.
" h0 N5 X" \% ^. _# y7 D 这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
9 n" T: n& i- W& B; h The youngest of the family was the most successful.
! f4 ?$ ?: O* w: l# W6 ?+ }4 q 全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
9 V. G7 e5 j8 B5 V 关系从句中经常使用完成时态:, v% ?( v6 H1 h! V1 W
It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
8 @( k: c. G- g# m3 x 这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
3 s" `( t0 Y2 @7 R6 n! B It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
& }; w% u* U! }8 F) U9 u, y 这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。4 j- ]9 h( V9 \# R/ H- t
He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met., j) O5 ~7 X3 j
他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
) L/ z u. t- s9 b+ T) V. l It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
+ I2 J9 R+ g6 C7 B 这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。
, u/ r+ z: f4 w% ^5 {* m3 ^9 d! ^ 注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
+ Y+ k: r+ l8 `* T! L9 y6 a% V I have never drunk better beer., s) C& U$ T' @. Z0 p
我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。3 N7 r2 `7 x$ f2 Y. A$ D9 L
I have never met a kinder man.* G8 m; _9 [1 @/ C3 c# Y: \
我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。; i1 f F# T9 T3 b2 k$ O
He had never spent a more worrying day. D. O5 c) Y) Y3 ]6 `
他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。+ E- H/ i7 ~6 B( n# s
注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:9 p5 }8 Y3 a, _3 y% A& M
You are most kind.相当于:
5 ~" E( w; }6 z# _1 Q% @ ^; H You are very kind.
3 v9 j' C+ a: g9 A ~ a 你很好心。! p/ o( K# ~; c- a2 R
意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。
: q7 G6 R- ?2 j' I 要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:9 a4 k' q% l& V: f
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
k1 E! ^+ ?7 M2 N 房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?$ s8 ?4 J9 L( o+ z
Ann:Yes,the bigger the better., I9 B$ T/ z' M0 l6 ~0 Y
安:是的,越大越好。
% P; Y7 }% K. I7 @' ]' \ Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.: {: X, T9 d% {4 X4 J; q+ E
汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。2 O; I& J3 z; X( C
一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:
6 g+ y+ ^3 _. ?. y( _, A/ ?3 j0 b The weather is getting colder and colder.8 x4 j! t! _/ O* u
天气越来越冷了。3 X) V5 ^3 |2 E1 S# X0 M# J
He became less and less interested.
1 l) {# s. Q% b4 C _' [ 他越来越不感兴趣。
& p( ?& z' A3 e& d y+ o: ?$ g& t9 \2 X3 z 用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:% G5 F$ a& V# p5 ~! w1 A
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.* T( x* b. v% B( `
骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。
7 y7 H# I8 g$ l% R2 y+ j, _ i. T It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
& Z3 Y5 C1 i$ B$ Z( j- H6 { 偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 $ D: A8 R$ s+ F9 |8 L
原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:+ P4 |" o' {& x$ u* j
Tom is very like Bill.
1 p R' i. v' C1 a" w& N0 F 汤姆长得很像比尔。' \& q, a3 G2 n4 F7 \$ b! \
Bill and Tom are very alike.
0 f+ g1 z' h0 _" h( L( Q 贝尔和汤姆长得很像。4 a; V' \% h, L! c' F8 W
He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
. ?6 ]% M3 P) R" r$ c 他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。$ w9 N9 c0 T% B5 G: x
原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:' Y) W9 x* _8 s" y# D1 F& I
He swims like a fish.
* T2 X: V3 @8 d& d0 | 他游起泳来像条鱼。/ ^. N" s" _; o" f
You look like a ghost.
, X8 n+ u# u: F2 s/ y1 G+ j 你都不像人样了。
9 q0 i1 i2 @9 q9 D; P- d: S8 I Be like Peter/him:go jogging.0 w. @& p! O- N6 \$ G% s: g
像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。
1 z, ~* s$ K6 L( Z The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
( \ A- I7 ]8 [8 @* W( `1 o: l" w. B I4 l 窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。- i! Y0 S5 x, }& l1 {+ k( E( O) Q
as(连词)与动词连用的结构:; a4 a" i n+ U, K
Do as Peter does:go jogging.; {) f; l% o) a6 p) B) c
像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。
. ~6 b2 x+ O. T+ |3 t- R* l Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?
8 {/ R' t9 ?6 s; | 你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?
& L& o+ k; G K( b 但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:
3 w2 L) z3 V- [ A: G% Z$ X$ y Cycle to work like we do.7 y5 W9 D6 Y9 M
像我们一样骑车上班。$ P+ F+ T7 W) G
I like+名词和as+名词结构:( |. i& K4 A) s& k* C
He worked like a slave.# @5 E% Q7 F6 z Q( v
他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累). S5 o! G( u* {8 y
He worked as a slave.( f) K* N( M; [& P
他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)
5 x9 X, a5 l2 V! p! {9 N She used her umberlla as a weapon.+ p. l4 ]6 M6 d3 E2 z# A N! y
她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。) |