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[托福语法] 托福语法辅导:各种表示比较的句子结构

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:7 p2 a( I( W' O1 _- K4 z" A
  A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.6 x: `8 t# K# {4 |& L
  一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。
1 ]' b- t! n5 `6 h7 V  He was as white as a sheet.
' A* c$ U  D$ p- e  G4 ?1 c  他面色苍白如纸。/ S  K) c5 U% G, G4 B* p
  Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.0 i4 y$ S* B2 z/ V2 d
  杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。
! v$ }( r/ a% N  Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.8 U( j1 M: f( H; n( M
  你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。
( W: i7 e4 K+ G* ^( L3 }  形容词比较级可与than连用:$ d. O  Y0 ^9 s/ g9 M
  The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
% w) Y4 u" H% \) O, f  新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。
  Q& F! a. J1 F! T, G  He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).6 q, a6 j4 x$ |! M
  他犯的错比你少。
2 t1 c& V0 K+ b  He is stronger than I expected.7 r8 J' b# s  }2 {, i  z- E9 S/ B
  他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:. s- U8 @3 F9 ]8 c/ M% n
  I didn’t expect him to be so strong.$ P6 ?7 ?+ \4 F
  我没想到他长得这么壮。
: E& i. w. o4 R4 p  It was more expensive than I thought.) h4 N0 R, B0 ?8 g/ _
  这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:
) |% i/ B; j3 \  I didn’t think it would be so expensive.+ h: V( R/ ^1 m" z
  我没想到它会有这么贵。/ _- {- J3 v4 [% \+ H
  如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:' s) |; r& F& W; V3 P  z
  This is the best way.
& j. x3 f" Y1 H: _! e  这是最好的办法。6 u* i8 |3 j0 N# }% M7 L
  在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 $ n# q- f" d4 s) K! N3 f
  三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:" h+ C) U. P0 U/ u+ j! Z" _
  This is the oldest theatre in London.' B6 ^' a- L) M& J1 O
  这是伦敦最古老的剧院。3 J" y5 g0 n2 K3 A/ g
  The youngest of the family was the most successful.
+ M7 @) _7 ^0 ]# H% M/ @- X! E  全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。/ k  W, h  {3 W% F' f
  关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
" x5 D9 Q1 `4 u+ ]! b  @9 \  It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
1 I5 v# i4 b5 s  这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
4 i% l% P  e" b  It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.# L* V. k8 o; e5 v4 F
  这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。5 t3 H6 Z! e+ F! g) R/ R8 \/ [
  He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
/ @3 b1 v9 E! |- m2 m  他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
, I" a7 T, A! R" E  It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.  y* |1 y( h, L+ O
  这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。
( e! X" ]6 k# G1 T7 d' D% y  注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
( V8 i% U' A2 p, u. }8 t9 n% z  I have never drunk better beer.' `4 ~) P& J' W7 c" X% i: {
  我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。6 x4 R3 n) M# E, B+ G1 U" l3 T, H2 z  F
  I have never met a kinder man.
7 o( Y! [* A8 m2 D& A; {% G  我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
% @: V6 j& h( g( ^( f  He had never spent a more worrying day.
% i8 q. U. e; L1 Z1 @0 Y7 {4 x# f% k  他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。
8 a( D/ l9 R7 o2 H6 n  注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:- p  B' B8 z( W: G& t' p
  You are most kind.相当于:
: b4 k, y$ A& Q: }9 t1 R  You are very kind.  k+ R: u, A3 A
  你很好心。
- a; d, @7 J6 @; }/ L% f  意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。
% P0 E9 b, Z* Y     要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:" w: n7 I2 U" d0 x& e
  House Agent:Do you want a big house?
5 W, K" a9 T- W2 w' [4 e" ~0 Z  房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
+ w4 O( J3 Z- k" S2 O' _  Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
& D0 ^4 v. I! u! }  安:是的,越大越好。2 j  S; B1 ~3 I: M/ p3 j, c
  Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.4 `' K/ B3 M, a; j
  汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。# ~& r. y/ w( v# U! ], m- u
  一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:/ D, c9 q4 E9 R4 L3 k
  The weather is getting colder and colder.
: M. Q) X* |5 ~7 Z0 C& t* {  天气越来越冷了。
) x; w0 c: R" ?$ c7 v4 H! V  He became less and less interested.2 r' u% t" Z, u# i4 k# C  Z
  他越来越不感兴趣。
5 S  b5 n) s" ?. E' {! w  用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
' W. \9 n  s* Z" X2 s  Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.& r; K- [: Q- y. p: k8 [$ i, }
  骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。& T! r" H& `" Q9 B- i
  It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
4 c8 K3 x" X3 f  偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 0 W# ?) f- E; i1 h' F( v9 V, w
  原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
$ }$ X) Q5 z* G6 }  Tom is very like Bill.
! ^  V$ u" o9 W: T+ R  汤姆长得很像比尔。0 M) H4 Z! [2 x: m6 ^
  Bill and Tom are very alike.  f5 j; u. ?* `* m% b1 f6 {
  贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
! ~3 B. B- k- ~, D  He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.  l$ b0 z* {: A, `/ G7 a
  他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。
! G* H% H0 }! b5 x$ Z. B. A9 ]" M  原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:" h3 l* f- O, u* e( C/ M# P
  He swims like a fish.2 o* ~' s( [4 V0 Z' a
  他游起泳来像条鱼。
( A( o; e7 C- ]9 j  You look like a ghost.
. G" L" b/ G/ J' k1 I  你都不像人样了。* z  K8 Y* u3 s, D
  Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
1 C$ @* ~. i- P* |$ u- t  像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。, Y& |* \; r. _4 `5 j7 J, @2 S
  The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
9 F: [/ {- t0 s# p2 D& X! V  窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。4 a" x9 T) Q; z* m3 Y# F
  as(连词)与动词连用的结构:, e/ E1 W- s6 g0 u+ D. d
  Do as Peter does:go jogging.% Y6 I" {& R6 @6 B
  像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。, C0 F  A( I8 [5 u  ^  _! P6 h
  Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?
$ }* O8 f, G" u6 l  你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?
  E8 _* E1 @, T: M  但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:5 |: D5 Q/ S7 k% ?1 K
  Cycle to work like we do.
3 c6 i2 z* h3 g! t# M1 e  像我们一样骑车上班。
% h0 I9 n% C! H  u9 {. }' f  I like+名词和as+名词结构:
, Q4 b- K% J/ p; X1 }; h- j  He worked like a slave.
. v2 r  E. O+ p  他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)
5 J1 R1 I# d* g/ I  K/ B  He worked as a slave.
$ X+ i3 p2 _8 J  他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)" k; t8 z! Z1 Q' f8 ^6 s0 G9 N+ D$ a
  She used her umberlla as a weapon.
" k# k! ?, `  C7 b  A" Z7 s* u& l) C2 Y5 V  她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)
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