一、现分与过分的区别
$ J1 b- U% E. Q6 J& A8 U+ Y 现分 过分 考与不考备注+ H- W* _3 q) z; C
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2 `* u; o0 e& a% q) h/ o8 P 主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状)" {/ N4 d* L- h+ c" Z q2 w( J
进行 完成 10%(前置定语)
% W& S3 Z) y( T) A2 t% X4 a( K" G5 o1 n ┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考1 a7 ~1 K v, d, n* @$ x
┏ a retired general2 K3 B8 D4 B& {4 M: o& l
┗ a retirign general 错2 B7 y# U7 P" v1 o0 `
┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
1 k& }# @' l5 m/ j, D ┗ a falling fruit 正在掉
& |+ ]/ R5 f, r+ L- W6 g* Y3 Q 二、现在分词与过去分词的用法9 \- r" _1 {3 U2 M/ F
1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动! x( S2 g( E6 X n8 ~
Indians who lived in
9 W) @ }7 s4 m ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
6 s9 p2 J; R: y" g" S 分词=从句4 v: w" r% W9 j$ s9 }
2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动
2 z: U; }9 |* d# [ 非此即彼 ┏included in/by& u0 P5 U! _- T* N5 H4 K
┗including 分,prep. u7 }( ~+ Z% U. y' V" Q2 x$ E
┏involved in$ N0 @" n! |# G" C/ m
┗involving
$ R* ~* [+ |3 b3 u3 V, W 3. 常考的接doing的词
% }& G. J8 O/ ?( Z' c- w enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,1 Y0 Z5 y0 b9 k( h% ~9 o
mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit$ P1 h/ j" D. h+ A# @
spend ... (in) doing: `5 O# j: C8 Z, \! x3 k6 C
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing( g( |8 d8 z$ l' d& K" I$ O
三、动词不定式的省略用法7 O2 q+ i, b3 A/ _
1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
: i, b% L, D9 R ┗help sb to do = help sb do
4 |+ E9 V1 J* {/ o" _ 2. 使役动词必省to" U; W8 v5 E! W. w+ d9 N
let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
3 {: O" M! r) l3 L have sth done
5 I( s1 e5 P6 s7 T! i5 r 3. 关于感观动词' p- C7 K1 H1 y" P
see, hear, notice, feel, watch/ L [. g4 u7 q4 ^6 H1 w( g" ^6 o; ?
必须省to
0 {1 L1 C* P' d$ m/ Y ┏see sb do 看见整个过程
( B& T. B+ F+ P H3 @5 u2 N ┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行
7 q0 j. H! E f 改被动后to 要加回来3 U. m+ v6 j1 C( i0 X
┏be seen to do
0 U9 b: _" p$ a; `) L# V7 L Y) l) I9 | ┗be seen doing. y+ I& D% V2 _, g9 X/ G+ j
四、动词不定式的固定用法. Z6 S" J- t7 X9 U2 E
1. 第一“人”
( s: N- O2 t" Z2 z( L the first (sb) to do
9 L, D1 E1 b" j; i3 h 2. 表“迫使”的动词
0 ?& w4 @2 m% y; m; h allow sb to do allow sth* H+ Q% B1 K% @ X: u* |2 q
permit sb to do permit sth
8 p. `$ d1 F" D% z enable sb to do enable sth
) K2 a& i, N4 `0 s cause sb to do cause sth. I! _: K8 M& o( K
force sb to do force sth: R2 S7 \4 x/ }0 }
3. 表“倾向”的adj./V0 Y1 R/ [6 U R$ b5 Y
tend to do
! D- e6 F) m# K1 l% ^* }7 E0 Z attemp to do
/ N- R: ~0 v. K be (more) likely to do
; \ S8 J2 k, L8 C K$ p that + 句子
2 @2 o' b* D1 W be inclined to do
; D( Q$ r( [. {; q1 m& D( ` be apt to do
: }& T7 {) o# ?( _# f4 @% C ~ be liable to do& f' W: G) B/ @# B
4. 表“目的”的名词& _( g$ m) ?0 X% z' A9 o6 h+ j1 Y
The function + of sth. + is to do sth.
w* H j# {- P" ^! m6 A function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
$ c0 D2 r" c. w 5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
/ F# e! j/ f1 }& H, D/ g be able to do -> ability to do
3 Y% s; y' z, t& r7 M/ \ enable sb to do
& Q$ _1 B, t: t! G( Y: g decide to do -> decision to do' G+ }. K$ G7 Z8 n
be ambitious to do -> ambition to do
- g, k1 D6 s1 C5 q7 L4 u try to do -> make great efforts to do
" r/ p) U& w! Q attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
L N1 m0 J- _" X 五、动词不定式的其它形式) q: I! E0 k1 ^& q# E: U7 A2 @
1. 动词不定式的将来式& t* D/ ?& U0 Y L0 i
主动:be to do/ W# w! g+ U4 w& f
被动:be to be done
6 W; I! r- d; c$ h) v2 @ 表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
; J+ k% Q2 F7 k' B China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
+ [! b* Q0 R9 b6 n9 d) w) D 被动式与过去分词的区别
3 c1 T' C4 }2 @; E4 p) G the surfaces to be glued9 R7 `+ c' l! j; r9 u- s
the surfaces glued3 q4 g/ ^9 ?1 \0 s
2. 动词不定式的完成时
3 \# @+ E+ L- y/ W 主动 to have done
, l+ t: s5 `9 I 被动 to have been done9 I/ {: F2 a9 m! S0 ^
表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
; \+ A2 b6 j2 m' ^2 W% n! o5 _/ A I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.! m* Z8 F6 ^5 r5 D* `6 P% f- s( p
3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动, ~$ J9 E' U* n1 S7 u9 Y
This plas is difficult to come out/ J3 I m* ]- v% n: p
easy
, J* y$ l# K/ q. A" u4 l hard |