一、现分与过分的区别
8 n7 A, G9 }6 f$ y0 @- O 现分 过分 考与不考备注
A0 ?8 v8 N/ u7 ~ -------------------------$ E: z; |0 x' B. ]( j7 V2 B6 D
主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状)
# u# a8 n% L! X 进行 完成 10%(前置定语)0 D* o# S4 g! e2 _$ I' d1 d
┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考! A5 C% e7 u1 P% `8 D' U( f. f
┏ a retired general, @9 J; n6 B Y0 T8 K' R
┗ a retirign general 错
- a' D6 F2 b; c4 r) u9 g3 b ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
+ m+ {, u8 G8 r- t& [8 p ┗ a falling fruit 正在掉. `6 Y4 ~7 E$ d# E! D% f5 I) B3 f: x
二、现在分词与过去分词的用法: n2 M: n5 h) f# D- N
1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动
2 z* U4 T9 j0 u3 M9 n0 m9 s Indians who lived in
4 `$ j( _) A& B+ E1 C: E7 E0 L ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living/ k' [/ E* _1 K$ ~) M- i3 ~: W0 j
分词=从句% E' G3 Z- D* y% m* g$ M
2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动7 ?3 D4 [: W) l3 H& Q5 S% o
非此即彼 ┏included in/by& u A5 K \9 P+ h! p/ [
┗including 分,prep
/ s# s4 m( n" L- G- V/ R ┏involved in
$ P: r% n: L- ?+ K f3 ?: T ┗involving+ N6 Q0 Q+ z: ?) t
3. 常考的接doing的词: L/ C0 t( \, E2 p$ T! ?
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
2 o5 l0 z% b9 r" d mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
2 p& \7 e& C8 Q; P" }9 L spend ... (in) doing
/ k7 G b N% L1 h4 ?$ d have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing% J- b# R/ |/ R- v' H; I
三、动词不定式的省略用法
9 Y, ]+ C: f4 W" ]3 @9 z2 Z7 b 1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省* ^* r4 {2 T) B
┗help sb to do = help sb do: d9 |) @% G# D. s3 P" A' S
2. 使役动词必省to, I. H1 o% z3 j1 J+ F# a$ a
let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
* b) ]* s; E' q2 r) `: m; x. a have sth done
" J: y+ N: c0 k8 T1 K7 _ 3. 关于感观动词
/ k. m( [7 h) ~! m see, hear, notice, feel, watch
) O$ Q% ?# _" S4 Y 必须省to! K. w" S4 R' U4 c' [
┏see sb do 看见整个过程
4 T; J3 I# F9 |/ k6 T ┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行
* s7 j. k: `! G V# ^ v+ m1 f6 o 改被动后to 要加回来$ C/ U3 ?6 u' J+ H6 H
┏be seen to do
% P. Z& @3 O4 D0 Z6 i! j: h- } ┗be seen doing
2 T+ U7 w Y( K$ T 四、动词不定式的固定用法/ g6 l6 w8 R* g: v! _
1. 第一“人”
3 H# A# O" g+ J* G1 m the first (sb) to do
( X- c: f2 `, ~+ D _! Y 2. 表“迫使”的动词
3 m# S- x5 y! k" B$ t( a5 c- U allow sb to do allow sth
6 z1 B, [3 k8 v8 w0 x/ `9 W9 N. R permit sb to do permit sth0 ^+ X& X8 @* w
enable sb to do enable sth" W [7 c0 r* B1 q# o! K
cause sb to do cause sth d7 N6 J6 P- j4 ` @5 i
force sb to do force sth
/ H$ w M9 Z, E8 L9 U/ w 3. 表“倾向”的adj./V
5 v0 i8 f2 ^7 y/ i tend to do
. F' v9 W% [ F5 m attemp to do3 l- v+ M! Z/ P
be (more) likely to do
5 Q% f6 R7 ?% X g# C that + 句子& C6 ^+ z- `, \
be inclined to do X8 p" y; w G, b
be apt to do+ m0 T1 o: C9 c9 h4 w
be liable to do; ~" m J" i8 N: ^
4. 表“目的”的名词8 Y- O7 \# y- r1 k0 b2 i; j
The function + of sth. + is to do sth.0 u2 Q$ X. g# b9 {2 x
function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
3 h+ g2 ~$ D$ C5 e3 w 5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式' j% ~, K/ k Y8 o5 Q, f
be able to do -> ability to do
5 [2 t' H, G" @5 j) _, A5 K" [. S enable sb to do: `1 [3 b3 {) K( }- N7 l- L
decide to do -> decision to do) C! v1 Q7 D a, X# @
be ambitious to do -> ambition to do
: i8 J7 z# ?- r3 b4 N try to do -> make great efforts to do8 Q( v: u$ [) U* F
attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do0 M3 v n9 w4 o$ M
五、动词不定式的其它形式
$ c2 c' i2 J6 S6 r 1. 动词不定式的将来式- D9 X7 l& H9 X+ z+ L, a6 H
主动:be to do
& g; ~9 r3 J! R5 C2 n 被动:be to be done
, i* l4 Z# `/ b 表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情8 h. e6 E& h# l6 M
China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.# X4 Z: k/ u* B$ |2 c1 G& ^- p6 B( B
被动式与过去分词的区别2 C. U' O3 d& J" }, i! H: k0 \
the surfaces to be glued3 Z/ U' Y! W7 h, m
the surfaces glued; J/ _+ w) c, f b
2. 动词不定式的完成时
8 T, {) H& o. h9 K* j O) Q 主动 to have done
) f6 u( D* ?, r/ C8 i 被动 to have been done C, B3 Z- J! l9 H% A' M
表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前! _5 C. u _( e
I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.( b& W$ B) o S+ G4 L' g
3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动9 o8 C9 ?- } T" B
This plas is difficult to come out! J5 S9 C# Y z! B
easy6 M$ ]5 ~+ }# _9 n7 | v
hard |