冠词(缺失与多余为重点和难点)
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1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母) v( \: W. r5 ]2 O: e% [
an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest
# {! z8 e. E" ] a : unique university unite yawn- j" O. H& E' _4 b
2. a与复数名词的混用
3 O/ y; u' g! R2 h, V; K6 t. a4 M an outstanding methods.
% ^9 C% ~+ _9 Z 3. 不定冠词a的遗漏
! z! H0 D1 }7 Y5 q6 { ]( i4 B (1)固定短语中a的遗漏
) A+ m6 X# c* X a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of," r; E/ Y: x- ]& _
a collection of , a wide range of
, f7 K& b' u2 ^9 M0 b$ d a wealth of + 不可数名词(information)% ]! w: F! @; a7 Z' J4 u& ]
(2)强调可数名词的单数概念. b+ o. Z% ?2 h: C+ c
且无其它限定词,必须用不定冠词
?5 ~( \# [8 E. n6 P 也就是说,单数可数名词前必须有限定词
. L$ \- O; m7 S f, O1 R% B: ~ * v+单数可数名词 错+ ]4 \2 n7 N8 m: X; H
prep+单数可数名词 错% m" B# L# S# M
of humid area area可数,所以错
9 E/ B- r. c- T1 | t) k of prize fighter fighter可数,所以错
! r# b# t9 y f2 M' ~ of raindrop 亦然7 _6 B1 k. A- R! Z1 V
例外:a. a part of= part of
/ i: r! n) N; P part 永远对
% H i" U' m2 [/ C b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用" d/ n+ {6 L4 K" Z$ y5 q
Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running
- o& P' {7 w- c1 R: J: o for the office of president.5 @' O4 p3 F5 C8 f7 ]
c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用0 r0 z' T% w3 w& D9 x) m
type of , kind of, sort of
U ^ {. B& t d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用
" A8 Y. m4 j C8 L* J- y All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.
9 z& u& m( H' } (B)定冠词 (the ,表特指)
' f1 ~' }# n7 Z' m2 f8 d2 S, m" O$ a the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy,* p" J' h1 \& f. u- _" L
in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side6 Y' c" P; H" T# }/ P
这些名词前都不能加the
$ ]) r! u3 Z: l& f$ I) [$ l 1. 表示“独一无二”的事物3 B' }) Q1 P5 [ g5 S; i" B
the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth
$ C2 H _; A/ A. ^) K B 2. 关于序数词0 B# E! t# @! k. G: h. f2 s9 W
* 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the
$ H& H; Z2 h4 [/ P% Q4 B Y! K 年代:in the serventeenth century- S$ _( d& U- R* g9 [2 g
排序:the eight(h) element (is)......$ r6 l1 j# j7 E
* 序数词考两点:a. 加不加the
% H4 Q7 C& M( ~( `3 x b. 是eight或eithth (单词)
* y4 ?' A6 a1 J& c" x 陷阱: a. Utah ranks first among.../ b) I% Z" x) o" O% r" r
b. A is second only to B.
* p+ e% R ^9 b" ?( x 3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the.
$ _$ T& E$ {* b the most desolate region(S)
# R9 U) I. V' I, w the most ... area(s)8 P# L3 | g7 T9 l- k* |# @% L
adj+est 后可以是复数。; c# u* \' L0 |# r+ L( a
4. 四大洋,河流,湖泊前必须加the
% h6 P6 A/ N; ^ Winds from the Atlantic Ocean, h6 _0 j% k# S$ Q; n# _
5. “人体” the human body+ G% p9 B, l7 [& H4 x( V' m, g
“普通人” the average person
, d6 M" d( s2 p1 f( w! G4 O7 n the common person
4 r+ n* M9 S7 A( J' G. Z3 o2 n' L 6. 表示“开始”与“结束”,必须加the
$ [0 A6 L5 A0 w2 e2 W4 P the beginning( 可以加s) the end( [1 W0 H- S- v1 z
7. 学科前不加the3 s- X; \" D. K3 W" t6 }
the astrology错
2 s$ ^- x. a) Y 元素前不加the* d1 ^. e# `* `1 A
Iron, Nitrogen
) i# e6 i7 `1 ~& a1 \. L 8. nature. t u& p3 N* d. J) X. w) O
a. 在自然界 in nature
# V; \) r [( ~. _$ \3 k b. ... of nature 本质上的$ Z- { Q2 k7 ~/ U2 k) e; I
faith of natrue 发自内心的; a+ L8 R/ z- w- F
9. history! O. \& M; O0 v9 f* ~
a. 泛指“在历史上”,in history( J) d$ Y) r) [. S1 v
b. 特指在某种历史上,in the history of NOS
* j9 s% p% k) P; x4 p5 v! ` 10.乐器 play the piano(正确)
& [' \/ O: d4 e0 S" Y2 t* b0 k play erhu(正确)
# C5 D, d1 b9 T6 L 11.城市名,州名,国家名前不加the
* E& {* j/ M( r% k5 ~- l, o! d1 `- z in Beijing , in the city of Beijing7 s! ?& |2 ]* x/ e6 Y% d9 ~' l
联合名词除外:the United States# L- ^2 \3 n' |6 G- ^, `
the United kingdom' w3 ~ J$ n: H
a United States boy.
# ^( y8 F# @3 D, p 12.most的用法
2 }3 T2 Q' r6 }2 T& e. o a. 作为一个副词(adv.)修饰adj,adv,表示最高级
6 ^- r9 D! i) \1 G ... are most plantiful ...
) K& J0 S; T+ ~* m, x& k( T the most handsome teacher
6 k+ V/ u* V3 ~' v* p% ] b. adj. 大多数的
, S3 c/ W; ~% g0 [1 S f most animals 泛指$ w; A$ m. d* e' s( o# H' v( N; [! B
(不可以+the)+可数/不可数名词皆可4 J, G6 x8 L4 b$ B' o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~决定谓语+ t V$ C, d: v* }; Y( u' k
c. pron.大多数,大部分
, I( ^6 N% A% D4 C( G6 L- { most of the animals 特指 H' ]1 H% Q5 b8 R8 c( W6 M
d. a most beautiful girl" q5 N7 z8 \' ]% \5 ~/ W
~~~~adv., very
' \. q& a6 v2 n( u4 I: A! B# ] e. most/mostly
( R$ `. X- U3 K+ r- @3 b t9 y 均作副词时,most修饰形容词、副词, y$ \8 o" y6 ?9 t0 ]1 c/ H
mostly修饰动词、介词
2 l; a6 B4 R0 L- P2 j o be composed mostly of |