冠词(缺失与多余为重点和难点)* q5 |* V! A6 N9 P5 u
(A)! a- z4 d- X: @$ g& ]- |8 ^. x5 p
1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母)
8 ]" ~/ F; T$ C" Q an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest
$ @. A D& e+ C, f a : unique university unite yawn+ v0 i( K5 h/ r& n- }" n% k& H
2. a与复数名词的混用
1 f8 ?5 G2 Q3 Q) i/ d an outstanding methods.
- K9 a4 w. \# ~+ x 3. 不定冠词a的遗漏6 D [4 p# l0 B4 J
(1)固定短语中a的遗漏
: _7 i5 b# V8 _$ ^2 s' | a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of,% D5 [; W5 E/ I% |. ~' t
a collection of , a wide range of
; }+ d J# g3 x a wealth of + 不可数名词(information)- }, p+ G+ v$ r- D* ?. i
(2)强调可数名词的单数概念# B |# V7 p, M
且无其它限定词,必须用不定冠词
* |$ y, L7 m7 J8 z$ s6 {& n 也就是说,单数可数名词前必须有限定词
" a* U7 T. q9 A7 ]0 {3 e * v+单数可数名词 错" ^7 ~# [3 M5 G' n
prep+单数可数名词 错
9 T2 r8 @; v: f1 e; q3 I7 ~9 x of humid area area可数,所以错9 @- a- G& c5 g# c$ Z
of prize fighter fighter可数,所以错
5 g5 c: H! f6 w \$ K! j- P of raindrop 亦然8 O' ]1 I4 t2 ~
例外:a. a part of= part of
* Y. g2 g8 s6 v. U part 永远对
( i" x$ Y% t- A- @9 L b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用/ N8 u q" o% c. Q# c" [
Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running$ ~" f/ D( M) w$ s+ D/ {
for the office of president.8 m% Z6 F, @9 ~) E. c9 W9 E/ m
c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用
^: K, c* T- v3 }5 j, A; T) E9 K* ~, Y* T type of , kind of, sort of6 y5 O0 S' g8 y# B& |
d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用0 D! x! u% k$ ~8 @
All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.
. i% B4 n* U. B6 x5 Q) }+ @- l (B)定冠词 (the ,表特指)
) n+ U6 t- V/ |$ N4 _+ u the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy,
/ p8 J6 i5 O* h, j( l& W6 p- D in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side
4 @0 O# \! r, V8 V9 G* q7 { 这些名词前都不能加the2 M- j/ N/ @6 z6 }9 L& K0 d
1. 表示“独一无二”的事物
+ U/ v8 Q7 r. m" r2 l0 N" w1 a3 m, { the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth
0 o! d8 D! B9 e' I/ c$ G6 j 2. 关于序数词
8 z0 i- U7 W3 a8 J* V * 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the& O/ {/ J# q4 m: e5 A
年代:in the serventeenth century5 D: [3 S1 [7 D( K: R
排序:the eight(h) element (is)......
7 Q' `# X* n0 P+ W2 D * 序数词考两点:a. 加不加the
9 l, p6 O* O* i% R3 g6 M b. 是eight或eithth (单词)
, X/ T2 M4 n0 B4 F7 _" F 陷阱: a. Utah ranks first among...
. s% T3 T4 T" G b. A is second only to B.5 c; b( W4 c# x) R: e
3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the.
8 I; u; h5 n: g5 p the most desolate region(S)6 i/ [5 ^2 E5 J! ~2 g. {6 x2 C- J
the most ... area(s)
! F$ j+ h3 D% x6 \3 [ adj+est 后可以是复数。" M- s' K5 d, f% P; `4 N
4. 四大洋,河流,湖泊前必须加the
: x8 X1 _! n4 k C. _3 t5 p+ ?0 ?" ? Winds from the Atlantic Ocean
" H' D7 L9 A: N 5. “人体” the human body0 }! j9 Z' W* K# W6 ~. D
“普通人” the average person* i# }% y5 Y5 @6 R3 d9 Y) W% {. O4 j
the common person1 Z% H' i Q7 V. H
6. 表示“开始”与“结束”,必须加the6 J/ w7 d6 B# k( @
the beginning( 可以加s) the end
$ ~. r0 ^. W! w# @4 Y 7. 学科前不加the
: t! x: ~! [5 Z8 o9 ^ the astrology错
. X* F, L& y7 u 元素前不加the; `! U! \2 P8 [. S
Iron, Nitrogen
1 d1 B9 `* C: V/ q& K1 Z- y, g/ X# M 8. nature2 {5 J% G/ W, a/ X
a. 在自然界 in nature
& B- G+ @ N6 R+ M7 n# n b. ... of nature 本质上的
" e4 E' O: b) ~! B- v faith of natrue 发自内心的
. r& V6 L ^6 c' [" T2 I9 ?, ` 9. history8 H% \3 h1 ^3 K) j6 ^0 |
a. 泛指“在历史上”,in history4 U3 @/ I7 I. z' J3 E
b. 特指在某种历史上,in the history of NOS
8 [- s0 z) ^" I* A" h, H 10.乐器 play the piano(正确)
6 n! X3 c. N8 L3 Y+ H play erhu(正确)$ N; L4 w2 g3 R5 V0 c
11.城市名,州名,国家名前不加the q% ~% d! X, y, l7 ]
in Beijing , in the city of Beijing
) W5 q9 z: M, {2 X! a0 f; B- i- X 联合名词除外:the United States& y2 q# v- X& |1 P- n1 y2 B: W5 f
the United kingdom
# B7 N* ^0 x- c4 u& f' k2 l- R: x a United States boy., _# l# m% D; E$ b
12.most的用法8 n* \7 A9 N% B
a. 作为一个副词(adv.)修饰adj,adv,表示最高级 _4 U- s/ @. v" @4 x# C0 \
... are most plantiful ...) p6 l" s; y0 F
the most handsome teacher
' T1 h+ r8 f4 {+ c4 E5 K b. adj. 大多数的
7 i# K# B- [6 o3 B7 q most animals 泛指
+ o Q" @! x" t( U: [ (不可以+the)+可数/不可数名词皆可
% Y+ `' B; i; m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~决定谓语. X2 J5 u/ c& j# t7 R& h" [4 A
c. pron.大多数,大部分6 E) g. _: X" a& {9 v# Q
most of the animals 特指+ _( F& r1 ?% Y6 a I, A+ [6 ^& F8 B
d. a most beautiful girl. l2 M/ g6 E1 p. `' B! Z" X1 s6 f
~~~~adv., very
; R6 A3 m0 D, s o e. most/mostly
& x$ E' R8 ]( u- N 均作副词时,most修饰形容词、副词* H) u$ H( ]; o; T4 p2 {1 t# X
mostly修饰动词、介词7 f- U# j# N# i" |; |8 Q! @! L
be composed mostly of |