冠词(缺失与多余为重点和难点)9 n4 e2 m$ g, L. K( p9 m! {4 }) ^- d
(A)
+ D% }) k& ~: ~ 1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母)
6 S, L8 w/ U0 S! d e an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest% W$ h( v) v/ r
a : unique university unite yawn! q6 G2 t, J& Z% m: k' G$ A& N
2. a与复数名词的混用
) i2 i, ]" ?3 \; P( i: ^6 r an outstanding methods.
2 |! {. C1 c: a8 `0 e 3. 不定冠词a的遗漏
; f# Y7 p3 A2 Q8 ~/ Z9 t (1)固定短语中a的遗漏* m3 ?$ u& m0 {/ r, W7 n
a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of,# |# B7 W6 D, U5 L7 X3 K8 R0 T) e# c
a collection of , a wide range of
6 a" w5 l! ~" X a wealth of + 不可数名词(information)
1 Z! I' c$ a6 X (2)强调可数名词的单数概念/ T% ]5 h) ^8 ` W. l8 o9 o2 M
且无其它限定词,必须用不定冠词
5 W2 r* x# x# Y* u+ p3 p3 h6 y w: b 也就是说,单数可数名词前必须有限定词0 m* \- A [# J3 @) F; P8 Y2 D9 |
* v+单数可数名词 错
. X, j8 c! f$ y4 {. } prep+单数可数名词 错% y9 k9 U; N( n h2 K
of humid area area可数,所以错
+ ~# L$ |7 B- Z of prize fighter fighter可数,所以错
8 r7 G- b3 k& b! W: D of raindrop 亦然0 X7 `4 c1 E3 Z& i @
例外:a. a part of= part of2 m4 S* f. }' c* _
part 永远对
( L& I# L0 k) \$ l b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用 O# H' {/ }' r7 D. I
Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running2 f. p( z: q+ c0 n9 G1 J5 M6 r) A0 h
for the office of president.
/ d2 L: Q& I9 _/ V( D8 ^" j c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用
, _# x" D6 d+ ^1 v/ S type of , kind of, sort of2 l9 F* e Z, i" C2 {
d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用1 ^* F3 |: {5 k. X# Z8 E
All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.0 E) p# s! t8 F* E
(B)定冠词 (the ,表特指)' B4 y$ e8 Q! Q: m5 H W( [
the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy,- q, O% R* m, X4 B& R8 i+ D& p: \
in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side
* X+ F, \# u% y( {. ` 这些名词前都不能加the$ D1 y; Q0 a0 r6 g3 W
1. 表示“独一无二”的事物# w% _" k( Q3 T. }. `
the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth1 m4 K& Z2 B1 C7 ^% \7 `" [
2. 关于序数词* d9 y2 q5 a% R8 l/ l1 M8 v
* 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the
+ j |/ \1 F4 C2 |& j1 e6 S 年代:in the serventeenth century2 U" M$ |- l8 b( y8 C" r O
排序:the eight(h) element (is)......9 a+ n) Y$ A7 }" j5 V- s* W3 B0 l
* 序数词考两点:a. 加不加the; g8 C+ {# A+ l9 F& V) i
b. 是eight或eithth (单词)
/ q) Z% C2 H8 r9 z5 Y; b 陷阱: a. Utah ranks first among...( ^2 l" J8 @# k0 y t
b. A is second only to B.; D& O+ h+ P c0 Z% z
3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the.
( m: {: i. t# s* m& }: E5 H the most desolate region(S)+ D3 N4 ^- I7 ?- Q4 P& l% E
the most ... area(s)
/ u& i# a, v' {# k adj+est 后可以是复数。0 K1 R) x: h5 l" i
4. 四大洋,河流,湖泊前必须加the
' ^' a) Q3 i: S# d Winds from the Atlantic Ocean% v& ^# G4 _' q' H* v9 C$ K7 X
5. “人体” the human body
. S) G8 x: o9 P/ K+ @ “普通人” the average person
2 q, X$ _# A6 @; n3 o8 z the common person
% }# V/ w1 Z- u8 x4 t6 M7 \$ j 6. 表示“开始”与“结束”,必须加the
' A) k8 {: ?( a# v* M; u s, `! f the beginning( 可以加s) the end
8 ^8 }+ R- u* U$ C 7. 学科前不加the8 s6 O( Y9 p0 I$ a' y
the astrology错7 `; n1 j ?; _3 N; p
元素前不加the3 U/ b" X5 a9 b% k `& S" g' u9 u
Iron, Nitrogen2 X5 ^/ Y- k \. x' n! b+ s
8. nature
, I; U- J" Y8 P$ R4 Z a. 在自然界 in nature. A4 W$ W1 v; {+ O3 g; [$ _; |' d
b. ... of nature 本质上的" ]' Z B0 r, ]( q4 E5 M% f
faith of natrue 发自内心的
9 G+ q S6 \, W4 s" e$ m5 o 9. history
+ U0 X$ S0 ~; ]; R$ | a. 泛指“在历史上”,in history1 H- U+ F5 ` g8 C+ {3 e1 R; U
b. 特指在某种历史上,in the history of NOS
) l( t7 h8 z& G4 q' x 10.乐器 play the piano(正确)
6 d A- Z; x* d; F: r/ L$ G play erhu(正确)
$ ]) m" W* X1 d' P) N2 @ 11.城市名,州名,国家名前不加the
: d. x6 w. \5 _1 a9 k in Beijing , in the city of Beijing
+ y9 `: [' v1 S' j" N; w 联合名词除外:the United States T* |: q: ?7 i, M
the United kingdom
4 i4 Z1 o& [4 \: p! I a United States boy.
) Q. [/ }1 i, Q2 ?! i! A% L 12.most的用法) R Z/ T: X, m" b; \8 r; A
a. 作为一个副词(adv.)修饰adj,adv,表示最高级
5 R1 y, ~, o* ~" z1 f9 { ... are most plantiful ...6 m j& a1 H+ K3 W" r
the most handsome teacher
. q0 r& V$ @. }1 w8 I b. adj. 大多数的" ]6 d/ \ y" O4 m
most animals 泛指
- t. f2 A2 R1 ~. f! | (不可以+the)+可数/不可数名词皆可
' q I/ A. Z0 \% u ~~~~~~~~~~~~~决定谓语
% c) X) S+ |4 l, _# Y8 r c. pron.大多数,大部分5 W9 i1 U& n! Z p- A& S. T
most of the animals 特指' p- ^$ T( l8 a6 ^
d. a most beautiful girl6 ^: Y0 u1 ]- c, T+ P1 r$ ]0 o
~~~~adv., very6 m! ?3 \% B' N8 P8 V( n' F+ m
e. most/mostly
! e/ O, B% J8 W! n 均作副词时,most修饰形容词、副词
3 ]5 Y; h6 t7 N7 @. W& b mostly修饰动词、介词
7 @5 n, L2 K9 b& {/ [4 K" y: B be composed mostly of |