be通常用来表示人或物的存在,或提供有关情况:
! F# U% e$ s3 n1 T. F1 B" d0 \ Tom is a carpenter.
4 G7 Y; `8 \7 [+ T5 C9 v: L 汤姆是木匠。- p8 X* o7 D$ m5 _% L# x1 {3 b. V( G
The dog is in the garden.
; k& W3 e, Q7 D' \: `# \ 那只狗在花园里。
8 p+ m1 `* j4 c: z# H J Malta is an island.
) q3 x: b- L% w, [, p9 V( C! Q 马耳他是一个岛国。% ?8 c6 J! `# k+ U
The roads were rough and narrow.
) m+ ^' d6 {6 y, L) A a" f" @ 道路既崎岖又狭窄。
, ?' U' H3 R6 U8 P+ i& r Gold is a metal.
: R# ?& {3 A& g- p 金是一种金属。) f2 u3 L3 s7 l* G( ?+ p
Peter was tall and fair.
. O ?# z1 q6 o7 e- p 彼得身材高大,皮肤白皙。5 T7 c$ i% `- g2 R
be可以用来表示身体和精神状况:0 T8 S4 O! p# s- Z8 v" e
I am hot/cold.) q- {, ^& k( E# v+ f1 y$ e
我感到热/冷。
: K, q. r. \+ h# X" [6 M He was excitnd/calm.
4 y" _0 ?2 A$ E$ e 他激动/冷静。; m% E8 q, z/ F- x9 w# L t
They will be happy/unhappy.
- C7 G8 s! S# f: K' _- A0 t 他们会感到愉快/不快。$ G& L8 {& \1 r; l
be和某些形容词例如quiet/noisy,good/bad,wise/foolish等连用时可以用进行式,如Tom is being foolish(汤姆此刻正在说傻话或做傻事),意指主语此刻正在表现出这种特征。试把这个句子与Tom is foolish(汤姆很愚蠢)相比较。后一句意指汤姆在言谈和行动上总是愚蠢的。同理:
. ~6 z* c$ x4 _8 Q The children are being quiet.
- u4 R% b) |9 [; |6 I& R) N5 m 孩子们现在不吵不闹。相当于:' {. |( P8 J; g( Q1 f/ o0 Z0 e
They are playing quietly now.
0 ~, b* u, q0 q9 d3 x 他们在安静地玩着。, T" o l# t" f! e) G& t
但如果说The children are quiet,则可能意指孩子们平时总是安静地玩。
4 m" R' l% P Y+ i 另外一些形容词也可以用于进行式:+ m5 {. e. o: Z; f) K- b
annoying generous/mean
3 T+ R% P7 H* L cautious/rash helpful/unhelpful
( G6 ~: ~' |( b6 G2 l, z clever/stupid irritating
, ]6 Z6 f9 r7 N difficult mysterious5 j( L1 O% t+ P
economical/extravagant optimistic/pessimistic! @9 D- Q* a7 V* M
formal polite+ I7 x S5 N! T; j) {3 y# c
funny selfish/unselfish
% O: }( s' \# q. @0 Y8 y 其中有些形容词如 stupid,difficult,funny,polite等用于进行式时,可以意味着主语有意这样做。
! r& c9 J( R5 O. X You are being stupid(你有意装傻)可以意指 You are not try-ing to understand(你不想努力弄懂)。$ v8 r0 x$ k7 v. p3 b1 ]5 ]/ X
He is being difficult(他故意犯别扭)通常意味着 He is raising unnecessary objections(他正在提出一些不必要的异议)。) O- |/ ~; `6 i7 j
He is being funny(他在故意做出滑稽可笑的样子)通常意味着He is only joking.Don’t believe him(他只是开玩笑,不要相信他)。3 q" s' A* h. Y4 `! A7 [+ S2 f2 O
She is just being polite(她只是做出有礼貌的样子)可能意指She is only pretending to admire your car/clothes/house等(她装做表示羡慕你的车子/衣服/房子等)。
, M5 `2 a6 T8 Z 表示年龄:
9 x* h, _6 j3 P4 o5 z -How old are you?
9 N: d; s+ b7 R( y6 m. g -I am ten./I am ten years old.
1 }7 t; a, q9 Y% u7 N" Y -你多大岁数?+ n s( _5 a. n
-我十岁了。(但不能说:I am ten years.)
5 u% S4 Y/ s/ J) L* o% k& Q -How old is the tower?1 x; O! p+ F/ Q, U
-It is 400 years old.3 y8 N& t0 p4 }# o
-那座塔有多少年历史了?
/ _9 ^% }* e& g2 T -它有400年的历史了。(在说明事物的年代多久时,必须用years old。)( F x: v- a! c
表示尺寸和重量:+ h; A% L. O2 D- s; I
-How tall are you?/What is your height?
9 c! ?0 P, E4 c8 @2 D# B, I -I am 1.65 metres.5 u/ |, ~3 I2 t0 B+ G+ @% j( S. r
-你有多高?. ]0 j. ^1 Q- h# d, B: }
-我一米六五。6 O! c/ N" @# r" _7 g. H+ E/ p" S
-How high are we now?
, D9 r+ \" o+ R1 e) W- j -We’re about 20, 000 feet.) \! Q& x& j+ Z; c! S. g% N! p
-我们现在的飞行高度是多少?
2 d' Z5 G2 o. W' x -大约两万英尺。8 S' d! D& Z. h- D
-What is your weight?/What do you weigh?How much do you weigh?
5 @- ^3 y/ L- s* G$ K) C -I am 65 kilos./I weigh 65 kilos./ G. T& O2 [2 q+ A6 h; X; o
-你体重多少?9 W( o2 @4 \+ z$ v7 W Y
-我65公斤。2 f% ]- e3 k6 d
表示价格:0 `$ q0 Q" e, z4 G% ? n1 A+ N
-How much is this melon?/What does this melon cost?
3 i6 O+ s; }) S( V% n9 G -It’s £1.
4 f$ o7 U' H2 o O9 P" l$ a -这甜瓜怎么卖?
$ [$ l2 |9 l; A \ -一英镑。 P4 s# P- f0 R3 W: I
The best sats are(=cost)£5.
$ P+ D9 o9 ^ W 最好的座位的票价是五英镑。 |