冠词(缺失与多余为重点和难点)8 D7 k! j' {8 l) H
(A)
( H# }1 [- V# U& i3 I+ r 1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母)" o+ H0 q3 L2 @% }
an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest0 X7 y* |2 [% C' B
a : unique university unite yawn0 s$ i9 y& L# P( H; K
2. a与复数名词的混用
0 W: [7 F5 A F0 Q) U& `7 ~ an outstanding methods. Q8 ]0 K/ o; t% G' X# z
3. 不定冠词a的遗漏
: q: h4 r( ^" q" d6 m1 G0 p (1)固定短语中a的遗漏
+ f9 x* s B) { a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of,
) k1 G& `, j" O5 r b6 O( v a collection of , a wide range of
( G/ |3 D- ~' a, k a wealth of + 不可数名词(information)- E$ m9 S" S6 {0 ]2 f
(2)强调可数名词的单数概念* J4 h. C, z. c( z; M
且无其它限定词,必须用不定冠词
W" F% }$ J& I 也就是说,单数可数名词前必须有限定词: f# C9 Z4 ]. A
* v+单数可数名词 错
1 p6 y, R' y% f* g# R# c8 P prep+单数可数名词 错
2 e/ o) u# ]4 g1 V4 Q of humid area area可数,所以错$ I& N! l7 o4 R" E1 k' l, H
of prize fighter fighter可数,所以错
, M& J1 a2 U# }! V6 Q x$ m2 ]' Z of raindrop 亦然
# ~! \% G5 b- ?8 k# b2 @8 U, P 例外:a. a part of= part of. f+ h# F8 Q$ U) \& f Y
part 永远对' V8 B% M/ R* ?( M, b% H0 e+ B
b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用
6 }, h" [7 M, o; ^ Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running4 X% C9 Y/ Z+ \( f! j8 T; d+ I
for the office of president.
8 Z C$ c$ J y4 Z3 e7 f c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用
7 F8 |; m8 ^- } type of , kind of, sort of7 Z7 f' s; a9 P2 J" n; X k2 e: f7 R
d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用
6 Z; a* l* M, q& a All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.+ `2 i( i7 X: }1 R
(B)定冠词 (the ,表特指)
O$ ], m* u7 ?9 M the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy,
: y# Q, G9 \$ y4 ^8 [) M in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side9 p4 }/ b% n0 I9 i& Y4 L8 r
这些名词前都不能加the& R- Z( `6 f( Y& B4 r5 k, p
1. 表示“独一无二”的事物
' r1 m( c5 p+ ^ the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth
0 Q8 t1 @/ W1 c( X6 p8 F 2. 关于序数词
- P, ~. |. n1 o * 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the8 \) n5 f0 g+ f( C% V: x$ S
年代:in the serventeenth century$ O1 p, `4 W4 R& `! ]0 [
排序:the eight(h) element (is)......0 E3 ?% k$ @/ {
* 序数词考两点:a. 加不加the
. x i: v* r i2 k2 z b. 是eight或eithth (单词)6 J' L6 {, c! F& j( H3 A: ?/ N0 e
陷阱: a. Utah ranks first among...' l; x1 u: v5 L/ a; u
b. A is second only to B.
8 b! k$ _9 |' I8 t5 D5 q 3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the.
6 T2 x% W/ H/ B1 M9 C8 S* @ the most desolate region(S)
* `/ Q/ W& M3 j) v# ? the most ... area(s); U# Q1 \8 y+ n& l# z
adj+est 后可以是复数。
/ a' W& H6 x c 4. 四大洋,河流,湖泊前必须加the
* j0 ?6 U, @3 Y9 I6 P5 T. `. H& ` Winds from the Atlantic Ocean
3 d5 m' @) W% f1 `3 f1 W' q 5. “人体” the human body
8 C3 [5 U, Y# J2 f6 B8 G ?2 M% N3 F “普通人” the average person" B, d( ?$ t( G7 ~8 \; \# b3 ]
the common person |