通常这些助动词不用于条件句中的if之后,然而以下情况例外。
; z' X# |4 p( j( U- ]& A0 U; t if you will/would常用于有礼貌的请求中,此时可用更有礼貌的形式would。$ l) r2 h& D6 g K, K9 t; g- e7 D
If you will/would wait a moment I’ll see if Mr Jones is free.
( ~5 W: Z8 r" ^4 T 请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。(请等候)
" Y# e9 _; A" j0 I" x I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.8 P3 g' S+ C0 b) B$ Z& S
如果您能为我安排一下,我将不胜感激。
5 {7 A$ Z2 A; D' X 假如这种要求在当时的情况下通常都会提出,已成为套话,if you would+动词原形就常常单独使用。这表示说话人认为对方理所当然会照办。
" C* q) I8 `4 P( [0 d" ` If you’d fill up this form.
) K7 Y y7 T8 L; p' ?9 ] 请填好这张表。 b( w4 ?# h- R0 `: d3 m# b
(in a hotel) If you’d just sign the register.
! W1 V" G$ {- t$ J; e (在旅馆中)请在登记簿上签名。
3 r" ^" ~* y2 f0 r (in a shop)If you’d put your address on the back of the cheque.
+ ~& h# F) ?! k (在商店里)请在支票的背面写下你的地址。7 Q; }/ w- z' k4 d( L/ ~; Z
(in a classroom)If you’d open your books.) V* v- q( J* K' h* N3 W
(在教室里)请打开你们的书。
7 w$ }7 d1 b4 |/ W3 p 表示愿意的if+will/would适用于所有人称:
4 c0 l+ u1 Z8 g1 J2 n: D0 Q If he’ll listen to me I’ll be able to help him." C: v) [; V' z$ l8 v4 J
如果他听我说,我就会帮助他。(如果他乐意听……)) M" @! d' A% O- `
If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner I’d cook it for him.
, Y2 J0 f* q$ O+ u1 W 如果汤姆愿意告诉我他晚饭要吃什么,我就会做给他吃。(说话人的意思是说汤姆不愿告诉她。)如在这里使用won’t时,则意味着拒绝:5 t/ J, e( I4 N1 |
If he won’ t listen to me I can’t help him.
, J% H! R- ?- Y 如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。(如果他不愿听/如果他拒绝听……)
2 {; w+ ^$ K" H# o( y- q+ m7 P* J If they won’t accept a cheque we’ll have to pay cash.
0 k% V' @( ]0 |2 _ 如果他们不愿接受支票我们就只能付现金。(如果他们拒收……)
1 ?9 X/ F/ \! P% Z4 d( C7 m Will 可以用来表示执意坚持:
0 r! N1 S# y" ~6 N2 I; r If you will play the drums all night no wonder the neighbours complain.
8 _4 h; O. n5 x. T. j& j' ?! k6 D 如果你一定要整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居抱怨。(要是你执意敲的话……)
" C/ q g) Z/ P1 j6 i: w# H$ A7 }2 W if+would like/care 可以用来代替 if+want/wish,而且比后者有礼貌:0 x0 t2 a( f8 b+ M7 Y8 G1 a* i
If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for you." O2 a- B& H( a1 Z4 B- j$ {
如果你想来,我就给你弄一张票。6 Q( V4 f ^: n0 I' ~
If you’d care to see the photographs I’ll bring them round8 E5 n( O' u7 A$ C
如果你有兴趣看那些照片,我就带来。
" u3 N* D$ `, [0 P7 c5 ^ If he’d like to leave his car here he can.
& ~0 q) J; C- u& M 如果他想把车停放在这里,他可以这样做。
* r \- F% r4 w1 S" X, M 但是,如果改写一下句子,使 would like没有宾语,就可以省掉 would:7 c6 S, A, U" D1 A' m8 r" E G
If you like I’ll get a ticket for you.中 华 考 试 网
# R* W. A% h+ s+ Y9 j; C, D: F 如果你喜欢,我就给你弄一张票。
$ J. T F; D z0 [+ V6 I8 g 但是说:) X4 x! r L) E5 I: p2 w
If you’d like a ticket I’ll get one for you.
' S" {0 [. @8 p- Z6 i' ^, a3 t) F. J (译文同上。)% F3 I/ Y8 Z/ _9 ^0 j
If he likes he can leave his car here.3 k! L. C9 c; z* d/ ^+ u
如果他愿意,他可以把车停放在这里。' B- }" o% c# Z6 w
但是说:
+ p+ F, w0 E7 P1 R |) W If he’d like to leave his car here he can./He can leave it here& i2 N! |0 W. N1 j) e8 {
if he’d like to.(译文同上。). }% e5 D; ` y/ ]
if+should可以用于条件句类型1,用来表示动作虽有可能实现但可能性不很大。它常和祈使句结合使用,而且主要用于 书面的说明中:4 D2 g3 N% }* x- k4 p
If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number.+ t) c! [/ T5 q' Q: W3 s) Y
万一你买备件时遇到什么困难,请打这个电话号码。! I- P- j2 J7 Y1 `, k/ G8 }
If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once., I' C4 ]2 A- }5 b, |( W( y$ h$ F
饼干运到时如有损坏,请立即通知本厂。; j; h; ]- ~2 X' ]
should可以位于句首而省略掉if:( F1 K' ]( P+ _
Should these biscuits arrive… |