通常这些助动词不用于条件句中的if之后,然而以下情况例外。
1 l9 F' y M( s9 Z. j8 Q if you will/would常用于有礼貌的请求中,此时可用更有礼貌的形式would。: G" f# x1 Z# h5 {& p/ @9 h
If you will/would wait a moment I’ll see if Mr Jones is free.
7 }7 o' ^6 h) K, u0 l. R* n5 s9 W' B 请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。(请等候) I! O% h" s% q$ c9 ~/ c1 R$ D
I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.
g3 Y0 l- p9 o) M" l$ j K& I 如果您能为我安排一下,我将不胜感激。- k( ^: H. \/ {
假如这种要求在当时的情况下通常都会提出,已成为套话,if you would+动词原形就常常单独使用。这表示说话人认为对方理所当然会照办。
& b7 v4 v0 m1 B! e' x3 |" r! v/ H If you’d fill up this form.
' s6 D1 f, q1 _% |: V 请填好这张表。7 r: A: G/ c! V- Q# ^0 ?! @( C
(in a hotel) If you’d just sign the register./ O4 K' {: d+ f2 y3 _; z
(在旅馆中)请在登记簿上签名。
n3 e1 n& `& c. {: s. n( B (in a shop)If you’d put your address on the back of the cheque.8 {) L% Y- ~+ W' e( S
(在商店里)请在支票的背面写下你的地址。
. s; H, X j' n d9 B (in a classroom)If you’d open your books.* _4 N, d. x; o; a, {9 D" n' k
(在教室里)请打开你们的书。! h" y3 _# ^# L3 C
表示愿意的if+will/would适用于所有人称:
" {. L* E+ b5 l2 a If he’ll listen to me I’ll be able to help him.
* `0 h2 b6 z! F. I 如果他听我说,我就会帮助他。(如果他乐意听……)/ ^6 O) k: L) f5 ?4 D' x
If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner I’d cook it for him.7 n& M+ ?9 w7 I) ^; L
如果汤姆愿意告诉我他晚饭要吃什么,我就会做给他吃。(说话人的意思是说汤姆不愿告诉她。)如在这里使用won’t时,则意味着拒绝:
, v/ k: i4 _. j) D# t% |5 J If he won’ t listen to me I can’t help him.
, | D, e) g+ B* K6 g; G 如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。(如果他不愿听/如果他拒绝听……)
! ^3 U5 B5 w0 Q5 n If they won’t accept a cheque we’ll have to pay cash.- l" u0 D4 o" Y! P
如果他们不愿接受支票我们就只能付现金。(如果他们拒收……), a; N3 t9 A5 G/ E; J$ ?/ C& ?
Will 可以用来表示执意坚持:
4 d2 s/ ?' B& Z) d7 L( F If you will play the drums all night no wonder the neighbours complain." U* Q" P" Z4 \6 ^. T% s+ C
如果你一定要整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居抱怨。(要是你执意敲的话……)
/ j6 `% Y8 W" Z$ i" ^2 D if+would like/care 可以用来代替 if+want/wish,而且比后者有礼貌:# C$ a7 z# y/ f e! r
If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for you.9 e) [0 T" S. X
如果你想来,我就给你弄一张票。
$ N; U0 Z% C9 X( }( N If you’d care to see the photographs I’ll bring them round4 w3 P% N! m2 V6 Z+ l. o, C
如果你有兴趣看那些照片,我就带来。
6 [& K$ y; L, I+ i If he’d like to leave his car here he can.
) ?/ t+ P- f! T0 [, e/ |9 h 如果他想把车停放在这里,他可以这样做。
! Y' t% `; P2 P 但是,如果改写一下句子,使 would like没有宾语,就可以省掉 would:
/ n" c6 F: r z& l$ i If you like I’ll get a ticket for you.中 华 考 试 网' j. o3 q5 D2 |) \# i
如果你喜欢,我就给你弄一张票。: s: k4 o5 {( ?
但是说:
T# }( Q5 {7 p If you’d like a ticket I’ll get one for you.
6 u: p0 Z* N5 ?6 s) @8 h; p$ { (译文同上。)) t* t7 f- C1 U/ D; E8 S
If he likes he can leave his car here.1 `0 F' |: O0 K4 {7 F" \3 P; N3 Z5 Z
如果他愿意,他可以把车停放在这里。
6 c, i# f/ M5 n: \. g: ` 但是说:
; [! t: ]" V, \* ^( l: x If he’d like to leave his car here he can./He can leave it here. K4 R! O; s( q; |& S2 ~- W- _
if he’d like to.(译文同上。)
" I# x& m3 P% T! p if+should可以用于条件句类型1,用来表示动作虽有可能实现但可能性不很大。它常和祈使句结合使用,而且主要用于 书面的说明中:5 w& Q5 J$ p& R# C+ t2 x- \
If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number.
! ^2 T6 y' p1 E+ `/ s( V Z 万一你买备件时遇到什么困难,请打这个电话号码。
/ M# D8 r( }8 {( F4 g! C8 R* u If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once.2 d# z- s; H/ ` ~" d: U
饼干运到时如有损坏,请立即通知本厂。) h- }' d( O' B
should可以位于句首而省略掉if:
/ V- G8 A, X, V4 D( X Should these biscuits arrive… |