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[托福语法] 托福语法辅导:副词及真题要点解析

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
1 E7 E) ~- k1 t# h6 Q9 Z) F  P3 R  副词常考题型及解题要点9 F5 h; v+ U1 I4 i5 J( I2 I
  1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分! d$ y9 l' m/ s& K6 z
  [例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)2 b% s6 h5 R- c( ]3 N% B3 x
  [答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。5 q4 c) b9 e5 F7 z! W
  [例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
+ x5 k$ l7 X) L( y( }  [答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
/ t5 {% U. k8 @8 m$ ]  2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别  b4 Y8 Q4 R0 ]1 N- E1 l4 {4 H
  解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。# c" i$ N- l1 }6 J) b# {2 B
  全真例分析$ x+ \% ?7 G" F( I
  (1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
1 a  f! @* _! @7 b9 E9 B& U  (A) none/ w- ~0 t2 n* j3 j9 N2 E4 G
  (B) no: h7 o- M. w2 A
  (C) not
( L7 F4 F3 i- e% G/ v  (D) never (94.1)+ V1 ]* S9 ?- z6 N+ n4 A4 F
  [答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。+ v( L7 r* c: h7 }# `
  (2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
: Y9 q& A! W/ D3 P. K+ ~  (A) No" J; Q! Z" x6 M0 S4 E9 N9 L
  (B) Nothing
/ H1 S( L5 ?: h& t/ o8 p  L  (C) Not5 `3 I1 H# D" O' K( z
  (D) None (91.10)  R* L* Y" `3 X
  [答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
8 x6 n* |1 m3 t* E. w8 a' _  (3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
% v0 O1 G3 k4 |9 `" P8 s( l  (A) Nowhere
1 E, b4 f. R8 a; [& T) m! ?8 ~  (B) Not
- e8 S( S, l, ^' a" t" e  (C) No) |; B8 g- e* ?
  (D) None (91.8)
: X0 M5 D( c2 V* G; J  [答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
3 W$ R- s8 k4 a/ m) q- Y  (4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.: ]$ R) \% ?: v" b
  (A) none
9 G6 h1 M3 f" M- I% W' Y- C  (B) no  X  o: i; d' ?# L% O" o& \
  (C) not$ G) Y5 m6 z, l1 P* D
  (D) nor (90.5)  E; K$ r0 W4 D
  [答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。0 o( Y  X6 z' ^. C
  (5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
9 s/ D) u' l2 b$ w$ T- r  [答案] A Not 改为No.
) F$ P5 \( d/ L8 g6 A8 c0 X  3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
% v  U. [% e; @) `, @( S1 j! h$ `  hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
* ~8 r0 h0 s# q  close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词)  _1 ^) }+ p  Y; Z
  near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词)
7 z. |8 C: \. A) A# B+ r  most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
) v% G) p  j; k  late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
, ~+ r: ^2 J1 H. p& q3 M  全真例题分析
% J) {7 d/ s. n3 ^8 Y4 H) ~2 a  (1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1); A4 e: r7 ~7 T" m/ J
  [答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
# S8 i% h6 X. A9 p9 b  (2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
$ q. @1 W. {( Q* C  [答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。% q* d. N  W* L) d* j" I* j
  (3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1); Y; r& M4 H5 y2 ?+ S
  [答案] B most closely 改为most close。
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