副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
1 E7 E) ~- k1 t# h6 Q9 Z) F P3 R 副词常考题型及解题要点9 F5 h; v+ U1 I4 i5 J( I2 I
1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分! d$ y9 l' m/ s& K6 z
[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)2 b% s6 h5 R- c( ]3 N% B3 x
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。5 q4 c) b9 e5 F7 z! W
[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
+ x5 k$ l7 X) L( y( } [答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
/ t5 {% U. k8 @8 m$ ] 2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别 b4 Y8 Q4 R0 ]1 N- E1 l4 {4 H
解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。# c" i$ N- l1 }6 J) b# {2 B
全真例分析$ x+ \% ?7 G" F( I
(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
1 a f! @* _! @7 b9 E9 B& U (A) none/ w- ~0 t2 n* j3 j9 N2 E4 G
(B) no: h7 o- M. w2 A
(C) not
( L7 F4 F3 i- e% G/ v (D) never (94.1)+ V1 ]* S9 ?- z6 N+ n4 A4 F
[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。+ v( L7 r* c: h7 }# `
(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
: Y9 q& A! W/ D3 P. K+ ~ (A) No" J; Q! Z" x6 M0 S4 E9 N9 L
(B) Nothing
/ H1 S( L5 ?: h& t/ o8 p L (C) Not5 `3 I1 H# D" O' K( z
(D) None (91.10) R* L* Y" `3 X
[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
8 x6 n* |1 m3 t* E. w8 a' _ (3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
% v0 O1 G3 k4 |9 `" P8 s( l (A) Nowhere
1 E, b4 f. R8 a; [& T) m! ?8 ~ (B) Not
- e8 S( S, l, ^' a" t" e (C) No) |; B8 g- e* ?
(D) None (91.8)
: X0 M5 D( c2 V* G; J [答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
3 W$ R- s8 k4 a/ m) q- Y (4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.: ]$ R) \% ?: v" b
(A) none
9 G6 h1 M3 f" M- I% W' Y- C (B) no X o: i; d' ?# L% O" o& \
(C) not$ G) Y5 m6 z, l1 P* D
(D) nor (90.5) E; K$ r0 W4 D
[答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。0 o( Y X6 z' ^. C
(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
9 s/ D) u' l2 b$ w$ T- r [答案] A Not 改为No.
) F$ P5 \( d/ L8 g6 A8 c0 X 3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
% v U. [% e; @) `, @( S1 j! h$ ` hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
* ~8 r0 h0 s# q close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词) _1 ^) }+ p Y; Z
near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词)
7 z. |8 C: \. A) A# B+ r most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
) v% G) p j; k late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
, ~+ r: ^2 J1 H. p& q3 M 全真例题分析
% J) {7 d/ s. n3 ^8 Y4 H) ~2 a (1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1); A4 e: r7 ~7 T" m/ J
[答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
# S8 i% h6 X. A9 p9 b (2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
$ q. @1 W. {( Q* C [答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。% q* d. N W* L) d* j" I* j
(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1); Y; r& M4 H5 y2 ?+ S
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。 |