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[托福语法] 托福语法辅导:副词及真题要点解析

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
/ p& D) q  q4 a: I  副词常考题型及解题要点
" u  m5 L: ^+ C) L$ `, `+ P  1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分+ ^& J) o' h) Y; ~6 H7 }
  [例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)- R9 T& K- Z! O+ I  `+ U
  [答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。' Y2 C. e# K" y( m8 s- w( z6 \
  [例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
% y- R0 R- V# I  z8 m  [答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
7 H0 y# I- F0 G# S5 w" H" g$ H. ]9 {  2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别' l9 C  i! \  n4 T% e2 P! V: ^% F
  解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。
  {! [" @' B" \, y  全真例分析: b6 g7 h: k* y8 p8 e
  (1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
+ @4 _+ G9 P: r, n8 k2 w  (A) none
8 |' j  s( M9 @$ w2 e) o  (B) no. X- O( _' P: ^* _  b; W; }
  (C) not) R/ R* g( z* [. s
  (D) never (94.1): H' f# b  s1 P& b6 S" K7 ^
  [答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。
& a$ C. z: V7 W4 Z1 u0 P% `  (2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.- o# B1 |1 g4 j% N, u
  (A) No
& U$ D0 g' d6 ^  (B) Nothing
- S- J0 ?; L2 U( M; Q, O6 a  (C) Not0 s( n  o+ [7 H3 }: R4 O$ i! V( n
  (D) None (91.10)
  ^! ?4 s$ @; ], z/ M  [答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。/ g$ Z9 E8 F2 N, b' s
  (3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
7 y# W+ k, O: U" G  (A) Nowhere
. v$ r* g8 F! j8 t* E9 K5 F  (B) Not
" ~% ~' Z* y; E0 J; k  (C) No" U9 R1 R$ u9 n1 [1 Y# {
  (D) None (91.8)* }2 O$ S! n# k; H8 Q+ N1 {
  [答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
4 u7 T$ P8 p' e1 P: C# }, U2 W9 M  (4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.  }1 i: u, G$ q' f. _
  (A) none, \4 N( N2 B5 |. B/ D
  (B) no
$ c& O' m8 A+ Z6 U/ k6 t5 v  (C) not1 h$ G& s+ Z! U0 h( j; g' l- {
  (D) nor (90.5)
# X" R6 @/ J! h# T! M# w, m; Y1 @: C2 }  [答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。, T) H2 \9 |: Z8 |  R
  (5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)4 E+ `- y) Q" x, `; ^6 G
  [答案] A Not 改为No.* v0 w& P2 G% J
  3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词2 v  u5 S" ~+ s5 S  n7 y
  hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
8 H' B% h  \4 Z+ z( R1 B* o4 L  close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词)% T. J$ {7 T* r! {
  near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词)
1 ]: O8 r; ~, t) s+ ]  most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
1 y* H7 }/ {7 r& A, {- ~! y/ L  late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
$ m9 R  s, B! M0 B8 i  全真例题分析6 `* C9 @, p) d$ _* s8 u
  (1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
. J+ {  \& R2 b; p( R  [答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。5 d3 K" O5 t5 @/ H, c+ j
  (2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)3 @; h# `* |: C5 \4 e2 `, @6 T
  [答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。, k" Z6 I( Y& l3 @2 }. x- h4 d
  (3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
+ L: c* X2 x2 H  [答案] B most closely 改为most close。
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