副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。& Y: J V7 t7 U, O
副词常考题型及解题要点) u% k" l2 i {$ }
1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分1 g$ ^- Q1 G- ~1 `) I
[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)$ J; m% L' }, b' u& `
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。
; v+ {( m" U+ Z( v4 v [例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
5 ?: F6 i- V4 h+ R' C/ V1 \ [答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
3 v) z/ p( {( a7 N$ n1 k( }2 ` 2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别" h7 J- e% {+ C4 T2 J$ v$ k: M
解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。 s8 S1 X) t/ D! I- U+ }
全真例分析
; d) _5 \3 V( ~( L2 C8 b/ G7 e (1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.9 ~ e$ x4 S1 ]+ H
(A) none* \2 {9 q0 |$ Y, U0 t+ X- Y/ r7 l
(B) no) Y. }8 P7 K9 U) [+ t0 g$ z
(C) not7 {* M3 m# p9 z* R1 P
(D) never (94.1)
! A3 {$ a* x) b" ~$ F* F$ h [答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。6 n$ P& L( r" n5 u
(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.6 l4 [6 o( V. |: W( s
(A) No/ ]/ }+ J. h( ?- O& t
(B) Nothing
9 _9 b9 X5 V+ s' ] (C) Not
$ f# V4 R3 W$ @6 _+ x (D) None (91.10)) b) ~# u, u* p: X
[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。0 @9 ?# d" ]: M
(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
& l' F+ H: P7 u; g (A) Nowhere
8 {# {2 k' n8 u0 L, F3 J, R (B) Not
+ Z9 H" Z/ ~* m: A8 q$ g (C) No
4 D& S0 C+ b( [8 n/ {) h (D) None (91.8)
( q( h, h2 |+ o, v8 m4 u [答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。8 y, i( Z) g$ ^/ E% N# g
(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
! r! q1 f, N4 i* b6 s. x (A) none( B) e# A( F9 U' r/ E: l
(B) no
" A0 C, j, I3 l8 m# g# W4 g, Q, D (C) not
) ]! ?. ]& D6 ]+ v$ ?8 [% K& y (D) nor (90.5)
6 w( l, E0 G% f2 ~- S& B# c [答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。
5 m7 r2 l6 k, d6 M* { (5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
* R; W* {% i8 G8 x$ x- A [答案] A Not 改为No., |. U( J; N3 P8 J7 H
3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词! T! G! d( J# m; P" V! ~ j* H9 y
hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)1 m5 i6 f! N; ^- j1 u) |; r- N+ K) Y
close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词)
" \, c! i$ [: k near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词)
; ]3 \( c9 d/ u& L5 O$ x most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)! }9 ]/ e! _* ]3 P9 X' C8 \6 e2 i
late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
4 z9 V, j4 D, h+ Y8 Z4 @ 全真例题分析
- V4 j; E1 J: O0 |7 A: p, \ (1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
! _& ?# M& L; G- c$ \ [答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
5 n+ a+ U' b: u F6 R# D (2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)& l( i6 I! [; l } H# C
[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。8 M B# w' y; [+ q2 `
(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1): [3 S c8 m' I% x$ r) o
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。 |