托福语法辅导：笔记（10）

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托福语法辅导：笔记（10）
, R" p2 r+ e6 I, J3 c为了帮助考生更好的复习，小编编辑整理了2011年托福考试语法辅导：笔记（1），以供各位考生考试复习参考，希望对考生复习有关帮助。
5 Z) h0 J8 T1 \9 D1 J1 `1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
2 ?5 S( Q& h+ U8 U* gA. in disease
B. that disease
1 g4 L( g5 b2 V, Q. F. X# UC. of disease
D. about disease
答案：B
3 B# u& k+ F; t分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
2 G* e5 }  F! B4 {: AB. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
* i2 [; A; @0 H3 l. HD. the woman conducts first
答案：B
9 h) ]  l/ |9 ^6 k分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
7 u+ W; I# E( G3 [5 x参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
6 t  ]6 p- ?/ ^  x! R" W补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
. W( u! B2 f, R) V/ u7 w; b1 s3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City‘s Metropolitan Opera House.
8 a) }2 V, F/ L: O' z- N; pA. the first African American
B. the first African American was
* J: r% [! a8 U, b! CC. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
- F! W0 A7 a7 ~3 f) y$ o) [- @  r答案：A
1 E" L0 z. m) g1 |3 p9 t! C/ e分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
( S# ^. ]# q9 c9 v) K! u$ M参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。

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</p>4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
0 d: B4 c4 I! tA. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
3 _+ G  L7 v8 D, D4 l9 n6 _C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
. ]9 v. Q$ u/ P7 \9 W6 TD. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案：B
分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
# ]9 q" A( T2 f& n参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
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5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
/ {9 P5 |5 U0 w% cA. he became
0 Z) H9 I  [; U' EB. when becoming
& ~% ]3 R3 G* b) {: k, CC. became
8 p: [* f+ Z; X: [D. did he become
$ W- S6 A  B2 `' N答案：A
分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
. G# M9 m& [. D  c0 g参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。
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6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
( j) r) y4 y) h; S  p/ \( ^- @. KA. Their botanical classification as berries
9 w; T& Q: P' K- g$ `. e7 lB. Although their botanical classification as berries
# k# N6 @4 A" A/ Y% hC. Because berries being their botanical classification
! \' ^- G: {% B! i/ C* {! _D. Classified botanically as berries
$ K; `+ k% ]  `2 ?- e答案：D
分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
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" q+ d0 O  a$ u参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。

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</p>7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
( N2 }7 k3 [* g1 t# LA. a basic instrument
" t4 c5 I; d9 b' D9 H# E. h3 SB. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
0 s, G9 ]/ |& A/ ]2 f( [4 `D. as an instrument is basic
答案：A
" a& u# @3 A" P; ~分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
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. m0 I. b  G2 ?  S; X' C3 F! ~参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
6 Z% ^3 u1 F' D( p2 b# B# XB. are they
) H9 W! S: I. zC. there are
D. are
. |3 s' e8 i1 |( X+ b" [答案：A
分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
& K; o" x+ O3 M# i* _参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
. W/ {+ N+ O3 N2 i2 @% ^3 `* LB. Fire extinguishers that work
2 Q8 s# Q3 U2 [7 cC. Fire extinguishers work
" Q+ Y: |8 ^; F* nD. The work of fire extinguishers
答案：C
分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。www.examｗ.com
6 a! l! x8 ~7 \. k2 r0 G! ?参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
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" a- u" D6 I) w6 n3 K9 ~* s2 I10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
7 S! y0 t; @  UB. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
0 K; O! n8 G0 m. z( y答案：A
分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。