托福语法辅导：笔记（10）

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托福语法辅导：笔记（10）
为了帮助考生更好的复习，小编编辑整理了2011年托福考试语法辅导：笔记（1），以供各位考生考试复习参考，希望对考生复习有关帮助。
1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
- R$ M1 o. u+ h; jA. in disease
B. that disease
/ E6 x2 Z0 V0 n/ ?& PC. of disease
4 I/ Q% U: G7 ^/ vD. about disease
" U: C, ?. p# m答案：B
分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
' E: b; D4 x& C8 o8 ~3 `5 wA. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
: J2 U4 c& @2 L* }: F9 K) jC. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
) s4 ~2 ~4 x+ _5 n答案：B
/ ^. B* O' ]. f4 H( L8 ~8 r分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
; o2 R+ N+ S" O8 h8 ]参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
: }  I. Y, L, {' ?0 ]3 Q# ~3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City‘s Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
0 O- g+ u9 U& ?" z! UB. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
8 v- U; S/ `% ?. h# [D. when the first African American
0 D" {0 p% E+ r6 r1 I  Y答案：A
分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
( b: L' l, c1 X$ D( U  q5 ?) _参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。

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</p>4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
% o& M7 G% E1 K8 ^B. a phenomenon that accelerated
5 E. G9 P- H* P0 ~C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
0 d3 T6 W# F9 h" z' Y' D答案：B
0 I) j% C( y+ F* p. Y' o分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语

, x8 H6 y/ g+ {% `' B' }5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
答案：A
, F3 X: K/ i; f分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
+ j7 b  F3 [2 y7 C' c) B参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。


: J4 z) A& A) A/ D6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
0 X7 e& w) @% c0 p. w- }A. Their botanical classification as berries
7 b, p/ H2 h3 B* E/ m. zB. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
9 ]" r8 \- f  C! Z4 Y答案：D
, o$ z0 _. L  h7 X. o( `& L4 w' v8 H分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。

) s3 z9 I. A" |' Z2 x# P参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。

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</p>7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
! G# A% K. W4 |* L% bA. a basic instrument
  s* ]+ w" [2 Q4 rB. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
0 L8 X* [" \- U) K8 C4 bD. as an instrument is basic
6 `0 b5 x2 z+ |# N% p* x# t9 U' m答案：A
# ?5 L4 |0 A/ T; q9 |# P. C8 T分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
2 N" y: f! i% w) y/ O. Q3 U; n1 r' D
参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
+ `7 A3 e$ c/ o- mC. there are
D. are
答案：A
分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
6 |% l3 t) x7 t# y& R4 w' ?" m参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
6 {/ f2 y4 G0 ?  H7 \2 E3 E  mA. Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
! i$ u# }0 c3 T$ Q0 z( a1 [. x2 I$ G: bC. Fire extinguishers work
$ T0 H5 ]$ ~; }5 ~; w# E, VD. The work of fire extinguishers
. Q7 l! i- U  t* n* z答案：C
分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。www.examｗ.com
参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
& B6 {" [! a! b# B/ S) ~
2 b5 s# a8 ?+ L( {
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
2 G+ e5 p+ `% A7 G$ M+ EA. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
9 n- D. b3 V' s6 a: ]3 W) pD. own their automobiles to purchase
$ x5 U* a) v, V0 q" _( p答案：A
分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。