2011年8月托福考试语法冲刺试题及答案(1)

会计考友

　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
$ X* F. ^" V6 i8 C' C$ p- e; i　　A. in disease
, o3 I& ?9 Y* Q% I! R( i, ^' M　　B. that disease
3 y8 _: R% h* q0 @3 M  f+ J　　C. of disease
　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
! [. s6 U# H. L# h5 y5 S9 B　　B. the first woman conductor
$ Z8 d9 b; K( Y% F　　C. the woman was first conducting
- W1 m* q* U* g- `( u/ B　　D. the woman conducts first
% Y7 ~/ [% w+ w" W　　答案：B
0 Q( s0 p1 ]. K. `　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
. _0 F* N, b  a+ H" B　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
　　A. the first African American
/ S# m5 I! c' |/ Q　　B. the first African American was
6 ?) ~# M( y/ D( m　　C. she was the first African American
　　D. when the first African American
0 h! u) g- v, D1 [* o! A. z+ e　　答案：A
6 p% w: A7 f6 F　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
$ F/ @; d* t! k$ o　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
; e( S+ {3 q' d$ }. q　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
6 t: r! ^/ \: v: t: W　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
3 `4 z' x; _: X, j/ S4 y& m- m5 J　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
　　答案：B
　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
5 y& V( B6 `# b. q2 S" w: |0 s　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
) W/ J: p% h; g! d2 [3 Y$ ?6 ?  ~　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
4 e8 {/ S$ n# d8 O! s　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
! _' d' h' U8 R  |　　C. became
8 x  ?* l8 t' F& H& M2 a3 Q　　D. did he become
　　答案：A
7 d% V8 Y1 p  h! m6 [. F　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。

! ]# N! S  b1 {4 R% r　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

</p>　　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
& k4 N( W/ K' D2 d+ V( N0 |2 d　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
! p5 i% N0 C/ x+ F9 s　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
1 f1 s! U& j: \4 {3 k  e- n0 i　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
8 U& e" z# L# u　　D. Classified botanically as berries
8 O; ^2 a$ [+ a, \　　答案：D
: T1 w4 \# W! K. ~( Q2 L: V　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
6 a- M. _& {6 E　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
0 G) ^( r7 T) |　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
# a2 v" L1 M( }7 i' H% t4 V2 Y　　A. a basic instrument
　　B. basic instrument
8 q9 q* @) Y% U　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
+ A' q8 W$ S( Y7 i' M4 x/ N" C* ?' {　　答案：A
) d3 ]+ G% P( r+ e: [　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
# ]% [, b* i$ ]- _　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
& [. s7 c$ a2 p" U3 R　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
1 l6 `& d, p5 p6 h# A　　A. as they are
　　B. are they
　　C. there are
: g7 E& q1 H- \% ?6 X  |7 y　　D. are
　　答案：A
) H5 O+ ~4 `3 g: {0 [: S) S( ~* f' v　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
( D6 ^! {9 r0 `, l' U% G, g　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
0 b& Q6 Y4 s; O　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
7 j, x+ K/ i2 k4 o8 |: I! |% }　　A. Working fire extinguishers
, ~/ C4 T) N% Y1 O9 E　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
　　C. Fire extinguishers work
　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
　　答案：C
4 a( b; ?3 x: x* F& o　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
/ B: J0 g. s2 x# Y' Q　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
4 G; L5 q9 p9 ~2 Y4 a+ b　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
+ R) U3 ~% \+ a8 T0 J　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
" q; w) s7 h; m0 K0 Z" \" [　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。