托福语法辅导：托福语法全攻略(8)
# ^7 i3 g7 g6 W3 f第五节 所有格及of结构6 S8 h7 J& g$ N( U) M' U
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格9 @' H3 X. j3 G6 X0 B. Z7 S# D; n
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s,4 {" r Y& j1 }# a9 z5 F# A* D
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home， the president's office1 I K, O, ]5 j+ f R3 D
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' ,& e7 K7 N% z3 u9 }
如: the students' union, the ladies' room$ y3 e9 @2 E$ g$ D* x% s# o! d
例题:& K3 i. G; P* d, D. g( \' L
(1)
0 X" a+ n) f5 {& N It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape.
1 |6 t6 ]+ Y* x3 Y& u (A) of the drop3 c+ N3 M& o7 X) b k! x) D5 y8 x
(B) the drop's
1 f: M1 }, m. ?! d3 s; g c B (C) drop of
9 f( y# U" ]: I2 H. R: b (D) drops their
/ z" A' p. D* u, U' F% w4 k 答案: (B)
; Z" t5 f" U8 `) ] ?9 e 解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱7 y) ~2 \6 D& Y) L+ w( Y
(2)# C' F4 d9 J1 _
Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
' ^+ i- j7 {6 i3 p, z4 K) ~ (A) occurs
: r& I' B' f7 q) _( ` L. L (B) will occur7 k2 v' \ u% O% o- \; G
(C) can occur
' a- _$ o5 z+ a# E5 |0 E+ z (D) occurring
! v4 U# V: Q% k9 q5 W- l8 d 答案：D/ L" F* A+ L3 o- d) p& I P
解释：句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除; w" `5 Z% j( i& A. Z- k# t
考点二 of结构
0 l. r) f7 N6 ~9 g$ N% q; y" E4 k# x 所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系，或者说凡是不能够加's的名词，都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词)3 O8 r, s/ u1 R
如： the title of the passage
0 x, B2 t0 D! Y* G( K3 \% }$ v 例如:0 I2 O5 Y! \5 M
(1)
; x, C/ j6 N6 j) y! h3 {7 U; r James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names of some works years after their completion.
6 T7 M# ]; j; Y# l g+ ? 应改为: paintings8 Z4 g9 y9 C0 i- V
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目: a3 R T$ p- [5 H
(2)
! p1 `; r2 @8 |, y* }) V; o Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.2 W$ p( \# z1 x! A. v- h
应改为: stimulation
5 P0 w" m0 r, Q" T* Y2 { }+ e _) \ 解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式. |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
