一、现分与过分的区别 现分 过分 考与不考备注
" _- b; G. P$ | |5 U0 [ -------------------------. J4 @7 D0 L C0 }/ D
主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状); N) y4 m; `7 H
进行 完成 10%(前置定语)
- G; w6 N" S+ k ┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考$ x9 M9 U: G( V) F* j) _
┏ a retired general' s" W4 m8 h; Q- M4 T, k
┗ a retirign general 错
4 y/ D6 Z8 C! W9 p) }4 l ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
7 J9 I F2 [$ n- `2 `7 u. l7 m ┗ a falling fruit 正在掉
5 q1 @" x3 I# j# i J! { 二、现在分词与过去分词的用法
- P$ R ]' f2 h# }7 Y% {1 p' T; k 1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动& ~6 ^8 B; _. |$ h+ g: z& S
Indians who lived in2 s' y$ V+ z4 D$ ?3 G9 i6 D' c8 q
~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
- H* E6 G2 \% L: p, V/ w1 ~8 u0 H 分词=从句# U4 O5 w. l2 K+ M! v u
2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动
4 U6 w5 U+ e! V: o, _" |7 l 非此即彼 ┏included in/by, v9 h' t/ ^5 `1 v$ j
┗including 分,prep
4 L" r& L# H# ~. f: k ┏involved in
+ ^ l, f+ d, x) t9 t6 u" Y ┗involving
% q5 }- E7 w8 ~0 Z! Z- ~2 o) H9 w5 u 3. 常考的接doing的词% j8 ^! h7 H0 i: E) y) H
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
P* w; S- J$ @5 p mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit& i S$ P, m! C+ z0 G% Z
spend ... (in) doing, ^2 \- t, J0 K+ v: ]
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing
/ m# I/ P$ G7 ]2 G 三、动词不定式的省略用法- n" T Q! \( D3 q8 j, Z
1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
. l8 `. X$ U/ E' Q ┗help sb to do = help sb do
6 l% p8 l+ W: T- D9 v1 C 2. 使役动词必省to) j0 C! I/ ^9 k/ \# K! h7 d* j
let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
5 R' M( a, c" N# U6 f: L have sth done4 U5 S- Z6 h# ?+ L6 \" p8 K
3. 关于感观动词
% G% Q3 h- e3 z see, hear, notice, feel, watch: T c) V* T% G6 z
必须省to! y5 q7 A3 m) H' m3 n
┏see sb do 看见整个过程
1 w% a$ B, [/ ? P ┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行 k. Y, @- G- Q+ d- Y8 h5 p5 F. N
改被动后to 要加回来
+ a! l" @$ u; g& a' b" v( K" Y# o ┏be seen to do
! R" j# R6 O6 d" _% y1 o' Z# h8 x2 k* b) T& A$ T% v
┗be seen doing |