一、现分与过分的区别 现分 过分 考与不考备注7 a8 e! U) e0 C7 F" F N/ F: q
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- H1 {# I9 e' T 主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状)
W8 }6 E# y( E; Y t 进行 完成 10%(前置定语)
: n' J) T3 j* @1 o3 Q( g+ F1 ^ ┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考
5 s9 Q; B& X" O5 ]0 W: S ┏ a retired general
* J( o5 G ~( J+ r7 r# k ┗ a retirign general 错; a+ g* f- R: l* H5 D6 Q
┏ a fallen fruit 在地下" B2 C' a. h, T0 s9 G* p
┗ a falling fruit 正在掉
$ ?- Z: \$ H; l" D. H) H/ g( Y 二、现在分词与过去分词的用法; Q$ D8 @1 d+ w$ f2 i: V3 K, o6 M
1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动
0 p) v8 ?) D$ H1 | Indians who lived in+ Q# @$ _$ \' c2 X
~~~~~~~~~~~~=living$ Y: g0 i' x4 I9 z# j
分词=从句. t n" p0 H$ ^
2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动
; p$ ]% b: m1 T8 i8 {7 ^& v N& J 非此即彼 ┏included in/by; i/ {8 O7 r6 }
┗including 分,prep
. T) d* i% y+ D! K& B- }5 g% J ┏involved in" G' \' ]' F A4 E$ b
┗involving
8 v8 w4 d* H% ^- m4 E7 e 3. 常考的接doing的词$ ` M/ A/ a2 [9 y9 v* }4 ^
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
2 @7 \8 @% e% B4 N$ B( O: C* Y mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
- H8 \& J; {, a; j spend ... (in) doing$ ]) B3 {, M2 ~+ d2 M. I
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing; }5 d) `+ f* f) _5 F: o
三、动词不定式的省略用法- a; E. w% {% ?' E! ]& e# ~, _" N
1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省4 h7 c% `6 R& O4 f
┗help sb to do = help sb do% p8 C7 e) R, p( K0 _. x
2. 使役动词必省to
; x$ A+ V8 v5 j! i8 H let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do i( x3 @; D+ @
have sth done0 d# X0 K/ |3 p: e+ P
3. 关于感观动词! Y) G P0 s$ R2 g. V
see, hear, notice, feel, watch5 A2 u: d& u& H+ j% j( @
必须省to! h4 U; ^% J& `! X7 K: Q7 ^& p4 p
┏see sb do 看见整个过程2 U6 R6 ~; A1 k
┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行1 l: L) g* J. S" K+ n
改被动后to 要加回来3 k1 G' _+ R9 A% U: Q
┏be seen to do
% I1 V/ ^0 i; r- q- z9 t+ Q! `- d2 |( [+ A! q. K# E/ K3 R
┗be seen doing |