一、现分与过分的区别 现分 过分 考与不考备注
# {* O/ E# g3 d/ m( W) w -------------------------
6 j0 N4 Q7 `0 R6 n7 {+ X 主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状)2 A0 U2 R1 H, {7 V! r: i& R
进行 完成 10%(前置定语); R" o, [; X& X/ \, O. F' S) {& n
┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考
+ m+ G c6 p" y& g) @3 c2 e ┏ a retired general' Z" o) C' }# x7 X2 J+ J
┗ a retirign general 错
" w: L& H/ z& a; W r ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
5 d" b- e3 R4 J S9 Y- u" A ┗ a falling fruit 正在掉
3 g' N' q% o$ | 二、现在分词与过去分词的用法( o6 d2 G) D' X7 z
1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动
/ R2 `0 W8 r; R; [6 L* k! P Q Indians who lived in
! u, s7 v0 A* X2 X9 }! u ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
% a* |, Z2 p( c. I4 m% _ 分词=从句% h. h' x# [- z7 o
2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动, H& s( ] r1 B9 U3 g
非此即彼 ┏included in/by
/ q" D" U. ` }7 v* _# _3 J ┗including 分,prep
4 K/ h7 Y$ c$ s0 A% [/ P ┏involved in
1 Y. T; W# ~5 X7 H4 V0 d ┗involving
) Q4 }# o/ U1 {3 p6 ~' @ 3. 常考的接doing的词
8 `; f3 a+ z, Z5 w. k! X1 K enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,- t$ \1 e& Y, z6 m
mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
) z; D7 E' T6 J* y2 X w7 p spend ... (in) doing \$ D' @) E) n: H. L6 g- d' ]
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing" S$ `: d4 M. D) ~
三、动词不定式的省略用法
. K' C: f0 o+ r, f2 S; d% G 1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
5 C7 p9 m4 w. v ┗help sb to do = help sb do
/ v/ \5 P3 q" I" B6 k! H 2. 使役动词必省to
2 ]4 ^4 z; V3 x- h( l let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do T( `- t4 k0 x7 h" Q
have sth done
4 H8 |, N2 t S 3. 关于感观动词
; p5 B% Z0 j' P1 L/ K2 I" ~ M& T see, hear, notice, feel, watch% y; N( _: p: |& O8 M h& [; z6 `
必须省to( y3 |' H; ?9 J% r# Z
┏see sb do 看见整个过程
6 T X0 z7 I5 T: _8 T1 s ┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行
$ ~# j) C$ V' a0 g& R! J4 F* N 改被动后to 要加回来) \2 n: y" r y8 v" U. m* A$ V
┏be seen to do( m2 _4 T* S" ?* p
& z) I2 M/ v# S% q) g$ G ┗be seen doing |