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[托福语法] 2011年托福考试备考资料:语法笔记(3)

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass, _________ the glass sparkle.   A. which making
4 ?; w" v1 d& q, g0 K  B. and making3 C: X: P. y. H0 l) I/ }9 B, u* V
  C. making3 F* j* P9 O  j
  D. to making1 }3 g4 c1 ?- M
  答案:C$ W* L, i! z, F! S1 }
  分析:空格前的句子结构完整,这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句,而句中无谓语,错;B中and作为连接词,而and后的句子不完整,没有谓语,错;D错,不定式的结构应该是to do.1 g3 m3 s: p+ X+ q% r2 D" x+ G
  参考译文:气泡,裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开,使得玻辽练⒐狻?BR>  补充: stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃
8 M% p" Q6 S# y/ E+ M' T" W  2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.* s! ^) F- P2 B" f5 q# ~& [
  A. there are large& O! E$ }( w* H2 C* ^9 k
  B. large
( P. L( J) ]: v8 ]  C. either large1 M2 w6 R& V0 y  u
  D. where large. q2 r9 n2 f+ N! b5 m! S
  答案:B
5 Z7 v& U' o; H. q1 v+ j  分析:A使得句中出现两个谓语动词,且中间无连接词,错;C应该是either… or…结构,但句中没有出现or;D中where引导的句子不完整,错。: l4 U7 w2 P# d7 u; j  q3 V
  参考译文:雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。
1 D$ z5 j# S; s; v) @1 d& u- D  3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.* T$ n6 Z: q0 X- O* i- ?! ?3 e
  A. and a
  ^( z$ s! h5 `" o* j" h3 |  B. so that a
7 d% W& H9 {6 `  C. a" s, u8 X( F" ]# Y
  D. is a
/ U: i% P6 ^+ w/ G  答案:C8 @$ B& ~. D, n( M
  分析:make结构,make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
1 S$ k) `. R) F2 K( s  参考译文:描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。
# x# W# t5 |9 f  T9 U: g5 v9 {' W& E  4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
/ n( x) F2 n2 e  A. To prepare
1 ^$ Q7 ~  M% {0 C* s  B. As it prepared
. \; x4 _# v5 T- S0 s8 }  C. When preparation
$ `) t8 H, p$ Y. z  D. Prepared
1 E! n" {- r' E  答案:D
/ u' x0 ?7 `/ q" g  分析:由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index, 而且空格后是by,所以应该用被动形式,只能选D.
% _( Z) J( F7 Z' G! P2 x  参考译文:消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的,它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。
0 _7 C, e- J# y) c$ X* Q* M  5. _________ carries the genes, which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.
( c5 P8 x9 ]& R' _/ w6 I  A. The chromosome2 s7 s, O! I; A# f; C
  B. The chromosome that
; g( ]) \6 h* u% V: X, ~  C. Whereas the chromosome8 z+ Z- H9 J* X% f8 `
  D. There is a chromosome8 A% _# ~0 X. G
  答案:A: P, l* N* ^9 j: q5 l9 ^
  分析:该句是非限制性定语从句,前半句已经有谓语和宾语,缺主语,选A.
0 ~+ L- R" j6 G' G
$ Z' h+ F5 t; a" k  参考译文:染色体携带了遗传物质,这些遗传物质决定了细胞和生物体的遗传特性。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:40 | 显示全部楼层

2011年托福考试备考资料:语法笔记(3)

</p>  6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.
7 h% h. X8 H% V0 _+ ?: D  A. Carbon reacting4 z: |  |9 ^  x- N2 s# \
  B. Carbon reacts
# y2 E- g' S* W  C. The reaction of carbon
7 U' o/ v/ l) y* _) m  D. When carbon reacts
# A4 q3 S7 X+ g9 K& s' w  答案:B0 h( k7 _7 J+ S. U) R7 j- w
  分析:从句意来看,called在这里不是谓语动词,而是分词做后置定语:…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主语和谓语,选B.
: h  u+ Q( q/ O  参考译文:碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。9 W. Q% n! [( _  ?2 L# C
  7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere, but if they are moving _________, they can form a crater on impact.
9 N5 r! \' G  N* z) u7 j' E+ I  A. enough fast
- r5 D: o+ _" q) G; m; [  B. fast enough
2 Q" @1 _8 P  o  C. so fast enough
$ G3 j5 G& z, t# |  D enough are fast
' a7 ^, b: b* p% [7 W  答案:B
: x$ R2 }, h7 D' s$ p% ]7 C' P  分析:enough的用法,固定顺序:adj.+enough
& p8 h2 y4 q- x! [" y  J+ ?& l& I# {  参考译文:陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来,但如果他们移动的足够快,他们能在撞击后形成一个大坑。
$ W- E; C4 U+ J7 I) _4 m# E  8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland, an integral part of the endocrine system.
, h% _. f$ r0 P" @2 [- {+ K( }  A. kidney which is* H! M" ]1 _) {0 W  Q' I3 z' c; B
  B. kidney is
! ^- l2 _* J% J# W  C. kidney being3 \: p2 v8 N& N% O  N
  D. kidney
; S: _- O; ]. r* S* N8 t8 G  答案:B
% |% F- z% |0 J$ u, B. C# J  分析:该句为简单句,而且使用了倒装形式,原句为:An adrenal gland, an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.' e# q# b9 G5 k
  参考译文:肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分,它位于肾的上端。
% Z9 e8 b9 X  w" W8 j, E( Z7 V; z6 g% D  9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.# V2 N3 P; r! F1 p$ M# N8 f
  A. easily corroded metals
4 O8 R5 L( S* i. w  B. metals are easily corroded' R' }- S7 T; s& `: Y
  C. corroded metals that easily
+ S. K4 ?. @* L9 j2 o8 Y3 c9 d2 a  D. how easily metals corroded
3 m6 L0 g: V8 C% r9 i  e2 i  答案:A0 t, j4 j* _7 G* j  y# s
  分析:B中的are多余,否则句中出现两个谓语,错;C中的that引导定语从句,而从句缺谓语,错;用法错误,of后一般接名词。
0 X2 Q' l# @' P  参考译文:75%的所有镉金属都用来对类似铁、钢的容易腐蚀的金属进行镉镀膜了。
& v& Z$ |# Z: v" O  10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter, the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.
- v/ e. P7 \2 T  A. that can enter
3 w5 K) \! q. f: h  B. can it enter4 p. S) c/ R4 b0 h
  C. when entering it can; |/ w/ @2 C) W+ S) q' R
  D. that enters can9 p6 ]1 a' _; n
  答案:A
; o+ [5 y0 V* z4 y! a# d9 F  分析:that引导定语从句,element为先行词。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unit of matter的宾语同位语。/ G; a! V1 G* w6 [
  参考译文:原子是物体的基本结构单元,是元素形成化学组合特性的最小的颗粒。
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