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[托福语法] 2011年托福考试备考资料:语法笔记(3)

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass, _________ the glass sparkle.   A. which making
  h& M6 _+ I9 w+ p/ w' Y# O  B. and making- N: j6 j1 R2 d5 y. s5 K$ V
  C. making
0 @% t' @) d8 P( {% w% T  P  D. to making
) I: Y3 ?5 S5 b; i; l  答案:C
) E- ?/ o  g: a9 Q7 U: l  分析:空格前的句子结构完整,这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句,而句中无谓语,错;B中and作为连接词,而and后的句子不完整,没有谓语,错;D错,不定式的结构应该是to do.% D" Z0 ^* t  K  u# a
  参考译文:气泡,裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开,使得玻辽练⒐狻?BR>  补充: stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃$ C' ]$ p7 C" d7 Y* ~3 ~( |
  2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.+ [6 i* Z, H- ]- `  s1 A
  A. there are large
! S' o- P: \0 G: @1 s$ T  B. large5 R$ u3 B8 T/ a  i" A/ L! L8 C
  C. either large
( }( _/ G0 i; ?9 C1 Q0 a  D. where large, B+ n6 k! I6 ]. D4 _
  答案:B! N9 r: ]# B9 J, e/ A
  分析:A使得句中出现两个谓语动词,且中间无连接词,错;C应该是either… or…结构,但句中没有出现or;D中where引导的句子不完整,错。$ \+ e! c5 ^2 O, j
  参考译文:雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。9 ]9 `% z3 m4 N( S: k2 P. w
  3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
$ _! K2 Q( |* a! q4 ]/ V2 V  A. and a! g0 P! t1 z( X/ n
  B. so that a, g* [2 Y" R( Y1 t( G- z% f% }0 q5 k
  C. a7 n7 w* w* K5 r& [* N
  D. is a, u% l3 O) I' N
  答案:C" y( N4 v2 b1 F6 z0 x
  分析:make结构,make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
: W3 F8 K5 j2 t* D0 U0 q' K  参考译文:描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。5 V. E5 Z6 \  C$ A' k8 H' W7 K
  4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
9 o8 W7 P5 i1 _3 z( X  A. To prepare
7 C# q0 h& V1 g) s  B. As it prepared
. i0 E. Z% ~1 z  C. When preparation3 \5 @& x, j1 _: G2 N; u& }
  D. Prepared
0 q$ U' P6 m- B3 w  答案:D
: h( Y* ~: u2 C! h  分析:由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index, 而且空格后是by,所以应该用被动形式,只能选D.$ u& c* y& X. X* e, s/ G. z$ e
  参考译文:消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的,它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。# I* l4 Z2 ~" ^6 a
  5. _________ carries the genes, which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.- v" I, G  Y; r$ i" Y! J: \
  A. The chromosome
% _3 a' ]% X+ P6 {  B. The chromosome that6 k. a* b$ O0 d
  C. Whereas the chromosome, @' V& o  u: g  D
  D. There is a chromosome2 o9 O3 k; @2 {/ k
  答案:A8 S/ J& k  I7 W4 S
  分析:该句是非限制性定语从句,前半句已经有谓语和宾语,缺主语,选A.
; x6 B: o0 W  g# m$ ^7 ]- y/ c0 {
  参考译文:染色体携带了遗传物质,这些遗传物质决定了细胞和生物体的遗传特性。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:40 | 显示全部楼层

2011年托福考试备考资料:语法笔记(3)

</p>  6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.8 D* E1 g/ Y% N8 d: i# f1 R
  A. Carbon reacting
/ y" }  e! }* O3 Z$ l" @  B. Carbon reacts
% C9 v$ M& W  Z. g  C. The reaction of carbon9 B$ P5 t: s; }" C9 `& Y3 W
  D. When carbon reacts
0 X$ I/ R+ F! b+ n. p6 c+ i  答案:B
. V6 V$ g1 _7 J  分析:从句意来看,called在这里不是谓语动词,而是分词做后置定语:…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主语和谓语,选B." n; K4 y4 j& j9 {2 B6 m* T7 G
  参考译文:碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。; e3 z0 ^8 W$ r7 q
  7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere, but if they are moving _________, they can form a crater on impact.
1 `. T3 C2 h, @8 ?. A0 g9 M  A. enough fast
" G- K1 E7 h* m/ Y( u% w( l  B. fast enough5 j8 r5 z! e' y! }$ X  R; J: p# E
  C. so fast enough
( X$ l- V- t! t; r8 j9 ?) f  D enough are fast  P7 y' J5 v( p8 I- n; {( Z% x
  答案:B5 p& O$ y3 F3 N1 a: p8 d) \. @
  分析:enough的用法,固定顺序:adj.+enough' g; V! t0 e- T
  参考译文:陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来,但如果他们移动的足够快,他们能在撞击后形成一个大坑。
1 E$ h' s2 m% P% X% |+ X6 ?$ j9 w  8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland, an integral part of the endocrine system./ Z4 d' r  r" G$ u
  A. kidney which is  E: L! x* ]4 j1 B: x7 m! |3 Y
  B. kidney is
% M' y) ~# m0 a( S  C. kidney being
  i7 U. [. R2 o+ c! S9 w) S3 K  D. kidney
8 c* \; H0 j1 ?( v  答案:B) A* |* D0 O" ~/ K. O  v
  分析:该句为简单句,而且使用了倒装形式,原句为:An adrenal gland, an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.
/ i# W% j6 d, I$ Y  参考译文:肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分,它位于肾的上端。' F& X4 @% [) F3 |. c  {
  9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.! Q7 M. _8 v" o* y
  A. easily corroded metals
& J0 ?# i7 h# {% m3 ]  ~: w  ^  B. metals are easily corroded
3 r" \( l' x& I2 G/ x2 i  C. corroded metals that easily
, J/ R" k! e# r: \  D. how easily metals corroded
3 I. F/ [% i% l/ v5 N/ N9 f: \  答案:A
6 ?" h, ^) ?% }0 q7 p  分析:B中的are多余,否则句中出现两个谓语,错;C中的that引导定语从句,而从句缺谓语,错;用法错误,of后一般接名词。! a4 f3 M  n8 h, ~$ M& q
  参考译文:75%的所有镉金属都用来对类似铁、钢的容易腐蚀的金属进行镉镀膜了。
# \5 o0 t5 F0 k9 [9 N/ w3 l" e. ?# c  10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter, the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.
! e& d8 G+ ~, P3 a  A. that can enter# `# s1 r4 f% M% u8 o) B3 h
  B. can it enter8 m, K# _  C$ K
  C. when entering it can
' b& y  P1 B* V- Z; h/ p  D. that enters can6 H0 ]/ j* k+ B0 K& \6 j! k
  答案:A" h+ u2 R' v* h" }% _! n
  分析:that引导定语从句,element为先行词。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unit of matter的宾语同位语。
2 g! d( Z7 y# b+ ]  参考译文:原子是物体的基本结构单元,是元素形成化学组合特性的最小的颗粒。
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