2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词2

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2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
  P% D/ {6 C* V7 I' z. U. G    解题要点：在written Expression （16-40题）中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
    全直例题分析
) ]" u% e+ m0 n' K( e    （1）Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. （94.5）
. J2 P, e: |+ Q7 K! f% @    [答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that.
    （2）Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. （93.1）
4 f  A* n7 \% }% }5 B4 y    [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who.
    （3）Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal， the Woman*s Advocate， who she launched in January 1855. （91.8）
4 o% q% F0 m$ ?+ j    [答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate，故应改为which.
" B( C6 Y8 e- c; n: f6 [& N! h    （4） The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. （90.10）
6 p. {" w* n8 m' M3 H  g    [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that.
    3. 介词+关系代词which结构
    解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间（=when） ，地点（= where） ，原因（=why）等等。
    全真例题分析
; H5 V& h9 [! _) h  q; B- N    （1） In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation —— the modern college rests.
    （A） is which
8 j! V; C! p/ y4 R% Q- z- P+ J6 C" O    （B） on which
, Y7 U0 o3 |0 i, w  M" P9 T* V& l    （C） which is on
    （D） on it （91.1）
    [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。

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（2） A circuit may be defined as a closed path —— electricity can How.</p>    （A） through it
) s/ p8 a$ _, ^+ V4 I, x0 r: k0 @    （B） through which
8 D; Q% @4 g/ E5 A1 D2 h    （C） that is through
    （D） there goes through （93.3）
    [答案] B through which 指代through the circuit， 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
    （3） The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil —— the plants grow.
6 Z6 B0 ?* U9 _" ?7 ~    （A） which
    （B） which in
9 |% c# R% G9 N& L! ?+ t6 [    （C） in which
; Z3 \* T# c- ]' J0 t2 H: D4 G; n  |    （D） in （90.5）
    [答案] C in which = where
  G$ D4 k/ S5 r& T! v    （4） Adhesives， such as glue， tape and gum， vary with the purpose —— intended.
7 B8 \8 ?$ b3 Y6 j+ @0 b    （A） they were for
    （B） for they were
    （C） which were they
    （D） for which they were （93.10）
    [答案] D for which指代for the purpose.