2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词2

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2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
    解题要点：在written Expression （16-40题）中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
    全直例题分析
2 g  z0 H9 l) i6 l    （1）Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. （94.5）
    [答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that.
    （2）Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. （93.1）
    [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who.
0 T" j6 k. Y4 l5 q0 ^    （3）Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal， the Woman*s Advocate， who she launched in January 1855. （91.8）
6 g* H3 `, |7 r2 y( ~5 m8 C& c: H    [答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate，故应改为which.
    （4） The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. （90.10）
2 N- K. j4 o% F+ }2 k. ]    [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that.
; g5 t4 t6 H; A; s3 H# P/ z    3. 介词+关系代词which结构
    解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间（=when） ，地点（= where） ，原因（=why）等等。
8 a/ l; p; p6 f9 M9 p/ F    全真例题分析
; V6 A$ N7 x3 m5 A" J/ |4 j, ]) ^# v    （1） In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation —— the modern college rests.
    （A） is which
* i2 Y/ S3 K) L' ^4 K    （B） on which
    （C） which is on
  e* O- X3 U+ @- v( _# @& O    （D） on it （91.1）
    [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。

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（2） A circuit may be defined as a closed path —— electricity can How.</p>    （A） through it
$ X2 ^# b1 L; x* t7 Q    （B） through which
    （C） that is through
8 q& Z( l9 y3 h3 W) G8 F! |0 l    （D） there goes through （93.3）
3 j- L3 w9 q3 @) Y3 V    [答案] B through which 指代through the circuit， 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。
    （3） The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil —— the plants grow.
    （A） which
' h0 \; s) q# S/ G% ^3 m. y    （B） which in
    （C） in which
. z' C) U. b& X4 _- c4 C    （D） in （90.5）
8 k5 m- ~0 Y3 @, d! Z$ F' c) K4 Z    [答案] C in which = where
    （4） Adhesives， such as glue， tape and gum， vary with the purpose —— intended.
; v* o, h' d  L4 Q    （A） they were for
1 s( D% \8 D3 m$ h7 E) u, D    （B） for they were
0 B/ q  l5 G1 p8 W) G    （C） which were they
    （D） for which they were （93.10）
    [答案] D for which指代for the purpose.