2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词4

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　4. What 引导的名词性从句
* `- G% T, j. J* I0 C+ `　　解题要点：what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意，what既已包含先行词在内，它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目
2 D+ o+ p" _: y+ ]7 _3 j　　全真例题分析
5 ~/ m* n: V* o8 n# m( p　　(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.
6 p+ j: [: ]' q　　(A) there
! y. ^8 q) `$ s, J　　(B) where
0 h* G  L8 ^6 Z+ c$ k+ W　　(C) that
6 M3 v% B. W5 E$ q. H$ N4 H　　(D) what (93.5)
$ y: h. i' k  n/ E1 S% o1 f# h　　[答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地点、位置。然而，此句却不可选择（B）where。因为关系副词where不能作从句的主语。只有what即是先行词又是关系代词。
　　(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.
: z  J& R/ s  K5 v& r. d　　(A) it grows
1 M: q5 m% ?" V4 u+ v$ k' m　　(B) what grows
* Q& V' ^* d6 O　　(C) does it grow
　　(D) what does grow (90.1)
　　[答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另请注意：介词后面通常不能接that引导的从句，但可接what引导的名词性从句。
% R. A, N, l7 F　　(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
- F& g( O, g' F& z8 F1 X　　(A) the
. O* A1 S0 E3 x　　(B) what
* O0 w( r* t9 B3 y: K  }　　(C) those
1 [2 ^0 B7 R$ z　　(D) whose (88.10)
! [# j. i5 o" c, K  \8 _　　[答案] B what = the thing that…
( M, q3 T: q8 X　　(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.
" s! R" y6 b! P/ ^$ P　　(A) what it is conceived
　　(B) that is conceived
3 V; b) m8 K0 w8 ]( A) u# J5 A　　(C) what is conceived to be
　　(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
　　[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代词it是多余的，因为what本身即已包含了先行词（the thing ) 和关系代词(that) 。答案（B）中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。
# d0 n! X$ v* n4 p　　(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10
% u- z' V  G5 }　　[答案] B what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food，不能再用关系代词what。
! b# C2 j  C4 j' [* _8 Y, ~　

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　5. 主句和从句
" f* A3 Z: v( e4 V0 \; e8 w　　解题要点 主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全部集中在structure (1-15题）中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉，而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义，它只具有引导出主语从句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
) A' u* l' Q; |( x5 y　　全真例题分析
" u0 ^( x- ~/ p! B　　(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
. o. k$ s6 t/ V$ g" l, q　　(A) For
& f6 V# P' F2 m" ?8 A! V　　(B) It was
% M& m: S. @5 W　　(C) That
　　(D) While (91.1)
: M7 Z! w' V5 ^　　[答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语，第二个系动was是主句的谓语。
　　(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
　　(A) Danger can be
　　(B) They can be dangerous
　　(C) What can be dangerous
　　(D) While danger (93.1)
( Y$ h! }& Y6 k) [　　[答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词，又是从句的主语。
5 e+ Z& F9 C0 g. J" d/ h5 }. X　　(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.
5 f. Y6 b* \! o　　(A) Did the continents originate
　　(B) How did the continents originate
　　(C) Have the continents originated
& i3 H7 I2 }% r( t7 L% R! j& |　　(D) How the continents originated (91.1)
　　[答案] D How 引导的主语从句。
! l: {% `) N! R! N$ [　　(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
　　(A) Technological
' D5 l5 ]' S5 J  c# J2 b  _$ Z　　(B) That technological
/ S# ?' }' |& c! ?. k& \　　(C)Although technological
　　(D)There is technological
　　[答案] B. That 引导的主语从句，当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。