2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词4

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　4. What 引导的名词性从句
　　解题要点：what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意，what既已包含先行词在内，它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目
　　全真例题分析
: J2 K) m9 s5 f" w& r0 v0 }2 \　　(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.
0 C( q6 L3 J3 q' a! }　　(A) there
* N0 G3 Z& a4 r3 c" Y　　(B) where
+ d2 }- L4 x  R　　(C) that
5 s3 q' g+ `0 B6 q' w, J9 F　　(D) what (93.5)
9 M4 o; b$ w8 |) F1 _6 r! M, s; o　　[答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地点、位置。然而，此句却不可选择（B）where。因为关系副词where不能作从句的主语。只有what即是先行词又是关系代词。
8 `5 L1 Z: E1 Q; N8 R7 y　　(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.
　　(A) it grows
　　(B) what grows
　　(C) does it grow
　　(D) what does grow (90.1)
　　[答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另请注意：介词后面通常不能接that引导的从句，但可接what引导的名词性从句。
　　(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
, ^+ K/ g; ~6 x9 W　　(A) the
% D# \3 i) Y' H# m0 \4 K! w　　(B) what
8 i+ s. f/ L+ [0 a2 R- b6 S/ n　　(C) those
　　(D) whose (88.10)
　　[答案] B what = the thing that…
9 b( d, F* o  S" z( S$ I　　(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.
! }5 m# S3 F& m3 y9 R' T6 `" d6 W* v. n　　(A) what it is conceived
　　(B) that is conceived
* U+ [; R* b  b% ?　　(C) what is conceived to be
# }/ F- N# z) `0 ^　　(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
8 [& j3 k, x/ {: p) j: I- \0 h, C　　[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代词it是多余的，因为what本身即已包含了先行词（the thing ) 和关系代词(that) 。答案（B）中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。
6 m' D7 S: E/ L  Q, c3 I　　(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10
5 z# q8 o; i' ~' D6 W, ~　　[答案] B what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food，不能再用关系代词what。
$ q8 I  }7 Y! d0 w　

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　5. 主句和从句
& n, [  M0 f1 C, w- D0 ]( I　　解题要点 主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全部集中在structure (1-15题）中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉，而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义，它只具有引导出主语从句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
. p) ~; @" g' h9 j. W. q3 d　　全真例题分析
　　(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
　　(A) For
  |/ v/ W4 |7 {  u　　(B) It was
　　(C) That
' i3 i6 k: M8 [7 V- f( a6 q8 V. J; G　　(D) While (91.1)
　　[答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语，第二个系动was是主句的谓语。
. c6 i6 z$ c* [0 t* v) X　　(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
7 S" t1 g+ @1 N% `1 L$ W　　(A) Danger can be
　　(B) They can be dangerous
　　(C) What can be dangerous
6 {; G0 a3 J. o( k  j7 d　　(D) While danger (93.1)
( F8 n2 s5 G3 Q. t- y- g　　[答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词，又是从句的主语。
$ J. d6 q2 o0 F  P( I: D# w　　(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.
; \* H+ I" c. X3 d* S　　(A) Did the continents originate
  e7 M1 N6 {" ?  V2 }5 O' A　　(B) How did the continents originate
  X0 {  z0 s+ i' R　　(C) Have the continents originated
) ?. y9 h" M7 S$ s% M4 ~# O/ l: I　　(D) How the continents originated (91.1)
& B- s' [! D- Y/ P" }6 U! k$ c　　[答案] D How 引导的主语从句。
　　(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
　　(A) Technological
7 P, |4 ]( f( o' J0 ?4 V　　(B) That technological
　　(C)Although technological
　　(D)There is technological
/ L% r5 e6 I" \9 r　　[答案] B. That 引导的主语从句，当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。