定冠词the2 G# U1 y% `0 R. Y" R2 n. }1 ]
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:
3 V5 r- {% q. o- X# A, d( } (1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:
/ U# j0 c( g1 ? y* I the fern(蕨类), the wallflower
" B% N# C2 _% |+ G& V (2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: 0 V8 m: N, f9 ^: |7 c
the first woman, the nineteenth century
/ V* c3 }# F" e0 j 但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby 1 Z$ I! @2 f( R) X
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:
$ \# V i4 o! J the largest city, the most advanced technology + M$ k( N ?+ p4 Y4 C: ^
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:
- t8 E0 m+ `$ e1 s m* \ the development of the watch,
) l5 L5 Y$ X; P, c (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
2 f% U' d8 U a, _. x, g1 o6 r the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
3 x9 z6 T) N* [ 在下列情况下,一般不用the: 3 j# g& C I7 R
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如:
& l* b" T2 b2 _ Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) 2 n) L6 u5 O; C! z& ~4 G4 ]
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the ; V5 q# n. e; ` H/ G |8 h% V$ a8 F
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江)
- d& |. h/ i; f6 x (2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:
' v6 C8 n! u1 W" ? algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)
: p4 p9 ]. }( o3 C (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:
* H& t1 x& f, F" z2 l Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… 6 Y, C, o6 l! k! n1 n
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: O, s( G' T+ S/ B: q( X
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed 5 Q4 S+ _! b! ~. d, g
乘车的词组:
6 H2 m3 B2 i: m: ^ h$ A* w by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), : F2 P; A: ~7 i/ G! K2 {+ X# V
by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空)
4 k4 a$ M" a9 u: M! f. W" x on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), ; I- ^% y+ i1 { n. E( N
打球的词组: 0 ^% L7 f( n# ^& ~% b5 M$ h$ L: w n
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 9 w: }) M3 I% d: u; ]; [: O
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 1 O/ g# Z$ \( l. A) T& ]& m
例题:
2 \% P$ J5 u3 V5 J4 s n! W (D) $ O, U4 u" l& R6 c8 k
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. + f% r$ ]) n2 M0 t8 [8 W* C9 J b
(A) it was the
$ G6 z. Z- c+ d5 a (B) that the 9 }8 `8 U8 w. S ]
(C) there was a : }& ~; B) U G V
(D) the f2 c& o0 h6 A& t6 l9 y$ n3 y/ @
答案:D + I6 V* J9 c2 J4 w% i
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指
! `% G. y- a8 L T* [ (2) ! g# l& x, u) r2 z
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada. + v9 ?$ s, r- b( }# m, y" C/ Q
应改为:of s; x8 j$ B( p, `
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词
I" Q \$ M' Y G) ? (3)
" _2 u, G& |- O The development of professional sports in the United States dates back tonineteenth century. 7 m0 m- I1 L1 ^* a: d' F. p
应改为:to the nineteenth 5 R5 m( z7 R/ N$ ~- S5 b
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the |