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[托福语法] 2012年托福考试语法辅导:定冠词the

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
定冠词the2 G# U1 y% `0 R. Y" R2 n. }1 ]
  定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:
3 V5 r- {% q. o- X# A, d( }  (1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:
/ U# j0 c( g1 ?  y* I  the fern(蕨类), the wallflower
" B% N# C2 _% |+ G& V  (2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: 0 V8 m: N, f9 ^: |7 c
  the first woman, the nineteenth century
/ V* c3 }# F" e0 j  但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby 1 Z$ I! @2 f( R) X
  (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:
$ \# V  i4 o! J  the largest city, the most advanced technology + M$ k( N  ?+ p4 Y4 C: ^
  (4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:
- t8 E0 m+ `$ e1 s  m* \  the development of the watch,
) l5 L5 Y$ X; P, c  (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
2 f% U' d8 U  a, _. x, g1 o6 r  the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
3 x9 z6 T) N* [  在下列情况下,一般不用the: 3 j# g& C  I7 R
  (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如:
& l* b" T2 b2 _  Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) 2 n) L6 u5 O; C! z& ~4 G4 ]
  但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the ; V5 q# n. e; `  H/ G  |8 h% V$ a8 F
  the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江)
- d& |. h/ i; f6 x  (2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:
' v6 C8 n! u1 W" ?  algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)
: p4 p9 ]. }( o3 C  (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:
* H& t1 x& f, F" z2 l  Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… 6 Y, C, o6 l! k! n1 n
  (4) 一些固定词组中,如:   O, s( G' T+ S/ B: q( X
  in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed 5 Q4 S+ _! b! ~. d, g
  乘车的词组:
6 H2 m3 B2 i: m: ^  h$ A* w  by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), : F2 P; A: ~7 i/ G! K2 {+ X# V
  by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空)
4 k4 a$ M" a9 u: M! f. W" x  on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), ; I- ^% y+ i1 {  n. E( N
  打球的词组: 0 ^% L7 f( n# ^& ~% b5 M$ h$ L: w  n
  play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 9 w: }) M3 I% d: u; ]; [: O
  注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 1 O/ g# Z$ \( l. A) T& ]& m
  例题:
2 \% P$ J5 u3 V5 J4 s  n! W  (D) $ O, U4 u" l& R6 c8 k
  Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. + f% r$ ]) n2 M0 t8 [8 W* C9 J  b
  (A) it was the
$ G6 z. Z- c+ d5 a  (B) that the 9 }8 `8 U8 w. S  ]
  (C) there was a : }& ~; B) U  G  V
  (D) the   f2 c& o0 h6 A& t6 l9 y$ n3 y/ @
  答案:D + I6 V* J9 c2 J4 w% i
  解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指
! `% G. y- a8 L  T* [  (2) ! g# l& x, u) r2 z
  The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada. + v9 ?$ s, r- b( }# m, y" C/ Q
  应改为:of   s; x8 j$ B( p, `
  解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词
  I" Q  \$ M' Y  G) ?  (3)
" _2 u, G& |- O  The development of professional sports in the United States dates back tonineteenth century. 7 m0 m- I1 L1 ^* a: d' F. p
  应改为:to the nineteenth 5 R5 m( z7 R/ N$ ~- S5 b
  解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the
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