定冠词the
" D- z& p$ G% o. G* K' r ]* E 定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: # X H F9 C- @8 p& ~( Y
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: 7 d: E- ] R& y4 x+ k5 u
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower 3 ]. G- m9 g5 J2 ]4 N
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如:
6 L2 e: g1 @. T6 E8 D+ h; W/ l the first woman, the nineteenth century ; x, A% W2 a5 a: T) O& o7 [
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby
1 H2 p8 M S5 c) `, p- h; c% L8 K (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: - |& J/ E, e# J: T$ t
the largest city, the most advanced technology * z+ @# O! X, F4 i
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: # l1 ~9 N. p/ D/ ?( ]: b; w, s
the development of the watch,
# x+ i. W, V2 [& u (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
/ T& f# `+ {$ T# R! X the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun # h2 V2 ~1 m; S( o# }, p
在下列情况下,一般不用the:
. y. T: r @ r: l4 N; p; z (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: 6 d- p o; N8 k
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国)
; d" T3 s* I! B4 G" G4 G 但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the
% }' J5 @! v1 H8 A, v3 y the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) 1 v; B9 T* a, d- p: N, n8 @# c# B
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: ; r0 v4 `) ]! |) w" g
algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)
# S6 b5 }& `. E (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: " \3 K, P) D* l
Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from…
- j. U7 g3 O' Q# S9 `" l) ` (4) 一些固定词组中,如: ( |+ d/ t, ]$ g( C
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
. [. ]7 d5 A$ F6 { 乘车的词组:
: c% c; S$ q$ @, b6 o9 M( G; w by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), $ u s- b7 S0 @$ l; K* p
by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) * p& h# l" S6 D7 Z. V# D5 Y
on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船),
2 h. S0 ^$ s/ {; x# \ 打球的词组: 7 s8 d6 ~9 }' b) b" d# B" Z: o4 N6 y
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
+ x. _( w; J, l6 n; ] 注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 2 p2 L* V/ `. a. O& R- F) D- [7 ?
例题:
! n/ e( w3 u5 Q' }$ j7 _5 _ (D) 1 n* [( i6 f$ K3 r- n5 ~5 M0 }9 v2 T+ i! j
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. # W, t% @* `# g! {! y, o$ E9 S" n* X
(A) it was the
) h' N2 l9 I3 B* k (B) that the
( r8 p" M" H, ~' q m& R+ v (C) there was a
: I3 f; j, I2 X. @/ k6 }0 K (D) the
. V+ Z6 y; i. r4 e, T- ?- t. H0 y 答案:D * @$ W5 J' z& b+ |* S" V& J# |
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指
* \# F/ Q2 v& X& F* j& `1 V (2)
9 h% w5 I" T, @/ |" z; Y0 d5 @ The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada. ! e; m2 W6 ^8 m: ~$ I
应改为:of / x9 ]9 d, V( A8 d. V
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 ' [4 h) n/ M/ ~3 N
(3)
# P% u0 s6 G- n3 T" D The development of professional sports in the United States dates back tonineteenth century. k1 v- x& ^; p
应改为:to the nineteenth , j7 k+ b9 G+ ^% _. F9 ~
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the |