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[托福语法] 2012年托福考试语法辅导:定冠词the

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
定冠词the
) H" X1 F2 F. `2 B8 V7 I! r  定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: 5 B6 x0 j3 z/ P  b
  (1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: 0 p7 C; f/ H% b8 [
  the fern(蕨类), the wallflower 8 n" R- I. g" x" }9 d1 Y
  (2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: - A6 C* b' ^; K; V0 R
  the first woman, the nineteenth century : {9 o' M; [/ D, a8 E0 }
  但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby
4 F; V5 ~! g# X6 E# H: h  (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:
! o6 l* r& Y2 S/ g- {  the largest city, the most advanced technology
5 @  r  }8 m  r0 V) V  K9 J0 P# c  (4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:
0 y, _! y' ^$ Z* |% s% u$ f7 _8 D  the development of the watch,
0 a4 Y/ L* K, r# P  (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
. F. `9 K! C5 F, f  the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
2 }; `0 F, F! T  在下列情况下,一般不用the: $ }* H' h5 b6 k' M. U
  (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: 3 J  y. l5 F6 @0 ?: n. {
  Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) % |% O; P% k# ?8 U1 B6 D4 D4 h
  但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the
2 g! W7 \& N( k  J  the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) # m& Q# l6 G+ W3 ]4 k
  (2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: / \$ w5 C2 h* y2 \: `
  algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)
8 t& @3 l7 d' m  (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: 9 A5 U9 P4 H; r
  Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… 6 }3 K) E7 ^0 L2 v0 Z* A4 H5 \
  (4) 一些固定词组中,如: & O# v% A* V1 e+ I: n
  in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
; O9 S+ x+ E+ Z. R1 N  乘车的词组:
! ?2 _* I1 Z) l6 W- W  by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车),
+ D% z3 g8 ?7 V( t2 P0 ]  by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) - Q+ F! B$ O3 W8 C
  on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船),
3 \0 {' y2 k, G2 ~6 a  打球的词组: 7 H2 B: R) W+ m1 o' n" V
  play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
  K+ i( l) Y' E  注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 8 e2 U% v- B6 f  t* z1 c9 @
  例题: ( v5 g: A6 r+ c, [! N+ c
  (D)
7 G! c# y# A  `2 y4 f% c- `  Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used.
9 @) ^. p/ B1 o& h8 I  (A) it was the 9 U- s9 l4 m+ X9 W7 L- q
  (B) that the
: B2 `% U# P  \; D; F- T/ k2 M  (C) there was a 3 }* R* z; t% Y( N9 Z9 V
  (D) the
7 X7 t( k4 J6 v1 z  答案:D
4 M# [8 a- Q4 E  解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 ! I! H4 s' p& e9 j- A
  (2) / v) \6 P* M5 Z
  The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada. . a: p' f$ `8 R* K+ c* ]5 i6 l
  应改为:of
& ]9 q0 `2 U, R$ F) _3 _- E  解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 ) Y' a0 V$ |  @; C1 c2 p$ G
  (3)
! n, m  F7 f0 V# u  The development of professional sports in the United States dates back tonineteenth century. : E0 f' q. {1 D9 b- s/ ]2 p1 ?
  应改为:to the nineteenth
9 e: `0 U! Y: T  解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the
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