不定式作定语
7 ^3 b6 y+ ?8 x) I; x M+ g 不定式常接在名词之后作定语，如：
0 S" Z% @# ?3 a* a! q6 j something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare,
# a1 N8 `7 K& Y A# `, C8 s9 [$ ] a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.
3 h( I5 M9 K- t0 R" a* ~ 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系，因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词（例如上面的complain + of, talk +to）
% G' t3 z+ h6 u9 z8 t 不定式定语还可表示将来的含义，如：in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June
6 P4 n' t# m, Y 针对TOEFL解题需注意下列情况： 0 e3 A% f( Y3 ^( `: N- R1 r
1. 由序数词修饰的名词之后多用不定式作定语， 5 E! ^9 l7 w$ ]3 ]1 }
如：the first one to arrive, the last to mention, the only thing to talk about 7 p% r& @$ w& e
例句：Not only was the Mariner spacecraft the first to fly beyond Mars, but it also survived in space well past its expected lifetime of twenty-one months.
Q, ` s4 z% \7 c) A' W; d 2. 改错题常出现名词之后直接接动词，且二者间不是主谓关系而是动宾关系，此处必定有错，应在动词前加to，变为不定式作定语 J. Y4 X; _* P. p
如：Do you have anything declare (错) / i4 D) |; ]7 ?
Do you have anything to declare (对) （你有什么东西需要申报的吗？) & h+ ]3 v. a# c2 `0 Z& f* W+ S
3. 少量题中出现了类似定语从句的不定式作定语，其基本形式为：介词+关系代词+不定式，如：Here is a blue pen, with which to fill out the form. + m0 a1 Y/ |; m
例题
2 D& E8 o9 p7 i* i, q1 d (1) 7 j) c, U0 o+ H8 e1 E- k
An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ---- a traveling company.
( h) P' C! F# o5 R, A9 c! }' h (A) to form the first 6 | W: p: l0 }7 z" s9 @) r6 c
(B) the first to form & [* ?; h; q+ m# o! f
(C) who formed the first 5 n/ E2 d8 y9 D3 L8 g1 h0 y5 W
(D) forming the first 4 S$ k/ K: R# P- k; T* ^. m
答案：B
$ y! p6 t: ?: H 解释：空格前是句子的主谓语, 空格处需要was的表语, first不能和a连用, 故A、C、D肯定不对; B中the first作表语, 省略了后面的person, 不定式to form…作定语, the first to do是常见用法, 表示第一个做某事的人 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
