2012年托福考试语法辅导：独立主格结构

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独立主格结构
　　独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式，对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性
( G& z% Q; J5 N0 |, t( f　　1、主要特征
　　(1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构，分词与主语间是主谓关系，
8 V- j8 c+ J, t, y- p- L　　基本形式为：主语+现在分词或过去分词
0 K1 `6 _/ B( b$ W  o; q0 ]　　如：his heart bleeding
$ u, i  u3 W; n　　the baby crying
　　the project completed
　　The school being over, the street was full of the students.
( B. X. s* l& ~5 m$ ^$ ~　　= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
　　(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构，
　　比较：my mind wandering (独立主格)；
　　My mind was wandering (主谓结构)
. Q2 W4 e2 U* [. Z2 F$ \　　(3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
' n" U, h) V3 u1 v1 J　　如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)
6 _9 D4 y( f4 I　　对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
　　Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
　　2. 在句子中的作用
　　独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件，原因、伴随状态等
　　如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)
　　Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
　　Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
　　The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随)
　　例题：
　　(1)
- g. v7 z. f2 c: b. M* s: q+ O7 m1 j　　----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
　　(A) If
　　(B) But
/ \# N% Q2 J+ N/ B7 s' w1 p" Y　　(C) With
5 x0 o) T' @4 }　　(D)Once
　　答案：C
　　解释：句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
　　注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题.