2012年托福考试语法辅导：独立主格结构

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独立主格结构
　　独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式，对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性
0 I6 K1 C! W" I3 e: ]　　1、主要特征
9 O" D# z- Q* \! G: t　　(1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构，分词与主语间是主谓关系，
　　基本形式为：主语+现在分词或过去分词
8 L3 ]  ?8 ^0 _　　如：his heart bleeding
0 e1 f2 t4 s) w  Y8 m/ `　　the baby crying
4 d0 ~1 q1 {! |  {3 c  A* D　　the project completed
　　The school being over, the street was full of the students.
　　= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
: `# g6 d1 j, T2 O　　(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构，
　　比较：my mind wandering (独立主格)；
　　My mind was wandering (主谓结构)
( J$ w+ v. R! a4 @0 V; y1 ?　　(3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
　　如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)
　　对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
　　Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
6 K8 f* ~- N8 V　　2. 在句子中的作用
　　独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件，原因、伴随状态等
/ I% x+ U4 A# S5 D, [- `- T　　如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)
, B( ?* u1 v0 j4 _4 S. B" n1 ~　　Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
! [; a( a+ B, f4 d8 b% F　　Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
　　The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随)
　　例题：
　　(1)
　　----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
　　(A) If
  j4 C# v  u. E: \　　(B) But
$ w3 E6 l( ^. w3 Y# z　　(C) With
　　(D)Once
0 C! {, C4 a2 n. A# q, y9 G　　答案：C
4 ^, m, j, |' _1 _$ _　　解释：句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
; _. K9 q: y/ ]. F　　注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题.