2012年托福考试语法辅导：独立主格结构

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独立主格结构
　　独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式，对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性
! J! ?  o/ q. x# r' `3 r2 l/ {# N　　1、主要特征
　　(1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构，分词与主语间是主谓关系，
  K& p& o9 a& W7 Z( y　　基本形式为：主语+现在分词或过去分词
　　如：his heart bleeding
" v- P' {6 A, ~4 R( ~: f! u　　the baby crying
　　the project completed
　　The school being over, the street was full of the students.
' p5 Y+ z# `) ]　　= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
　　(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构，
　　比较：my mind wandering (独立主格)；
　　My mind was wandering (主谓结构)
! ^* S, \# H, ^　　(3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
　　如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)
　　对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
　　Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
' s* K/ c/ t& c; X　　2. 在句子中的作用
0 n3 j3 ~/ i7 E4 t8 j- Y　　独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件，原因、伴随状态等
  Y; a, y( k- u　　如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)
　　Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
0 k* K. l5 \) \& ^+ w; I　　Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
　　The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随)
/ k. w1 m1 h& g! E; K　　例题：
6 H( _. c1 `1 v7 G　　(1)
3 Z; f* O! b  Z( B/ K9 H8 B' K　　----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
5 h% p1 \1 a5 [/ a: x4 e- h: z　　(A) If
  D6 t% l& Z8 S) i' f$ p3 G　　(B) But
  R1 W5 ?4 ]1 }5 o　　(C) With
　　(D)Once
: B/ u# D# \4 `8 R' b& U. X　　答案：C
　　解释：句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
　　注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题.