2012年托福考试语法辅导：独立主格结构

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独立主格结构
9 q5 c8 P" k$ c- P! a( b; t) O* D　　独立主格结构是介于分词和主谓句之间的非谓语形式，对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格则在很大程度上克服了这一局限性
! ~+ N4 S; G% U1 ]　　1、主要特征
　　(1) 独立主格是含有主语的分词结构，分词与主语间是主谓关系，
1 S& |: I& X7 i0 a9 ?+ d　　基本形式为：主语+现在分词或过去分词
　　如：his heart bleeding
　　the baby crying
　　the project completed
　　The school being over, the street was full of the students.
- ?- l. @' D0 `  ^% d　　= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
　　(2)切记独立主格不等同于主谓结构，
) E) e: E$ K2 q6 d# W　　比较：my mind wandering (独立主格)；
% p. x: }( l5 ~7 I/ v& k　　My mind was wandering (主谓结构)
; q' X) o% L$ g5 w3 [) s　　(3)独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
　　如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)
) s" m/ |4 D9 d　　对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
1 H; \) {  y7 s/ Y3 k" j5 h; T　　Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
- a% n) p8 g5 d( Q. D　　2. 在句子中的作用
& Z8 w% f, E/ s( Y　　独立主格结构通常在句中表示时间、条件，原因、伴随状态等
: R6 p. B( [' j  w　　如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (时间)
　　Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (条件)
2 I) h# n, W9 I8 H" d  Z) y" }' r　　Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
% p1 q; i6 q1 K9 |+ b　　The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴随)
/ {6 b2 u0 i8 i/ }* u) W　　例题：
+ k9 j8 i& {* p　　(1)
　　----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
　　(A) If
　　(B) But
　　(C) With
7 I: p+ J$ V0 e+ l' B& e6 N+ S- s$ T/ o　　(D)Once
" i3 e/ N9 f) H3 a　　答案：C
　　解释：句中主干完整, 主语是designers, 谓语是are attempting, 之后是不定式构成的宾语. 空白后 becoming 采取分词形式, modern offices是becoming的逻辑主语, 因此可确定需填入的词会与原句构成独立主格结构, 而不是从句, A B D可一次性排除, 其实此句除去空白处, 已是完整的句子, 类似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
% W. I/ P- P3 A& t　　注意: 表示伴随状态的独立主格结构通常可以由with引导, 如本例题.