托福考试辅导：语法讲解（30）

会计考友

考点四 是否用不定式
9 V1 z/ F" ^, z7 A& f1．有部分动词的习惯用法要求采用不定式复合结构，其基本形式为：动词+宾语+不定式，
如：enable him to dance,          cause the little girl to cry,
' B0 T: B: z- O5 K4 i/ Xconsider it to be a great honor,          imagine herself to a soprano
. C5 i* t# V: W3 y常接不定式复合结构的词有：allow, enable, cause, ask, expect, invite, advise, permit, oblige, help, encourage, persuade, instruct, command, urge, consider, believe, declare, etc.
# C+ I& ?# U! l2 _6 _" z$ f注意：help既可以接不定式，也可以接动词原形（或称不带to的不定式），
如：help him to clean the lab,  help me do the housework
: e8 U& }( i$ [1 v+ ^例题：
( Z0 o6 m& C- u3 o/ \(1)
The flexibility of film allows the artist ----unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
8 M) ^! F# e3 ~2 Y- C' {1 \7 m(A) to bring
0 ?8 _0 u! g. @+ x, V! x (B) bringing
) r* h" D5 l  |, E' V  I (C) is brought
(D) brings
答案：A
解释：allow somebody to do sth.属于固定动词词组搭配,
若allow之后无宾语则用allow doing 的形式。
例: Mum doesn't allow me to eat too much chocolate.
: G2 _9 H1 k; X: ESorry, sir, but we don't allow smoking here.
# U% g  X& B# ^3 z7 A( ]- [; d* G( C(2)
A dictionary allows quick access to the meaning of a word only if one knows how spell the word.
应改为：how to spell
解释：how和spell不能连用，应变为不定式复合结构，加上to, 构成know的宾语
2. 在一些表示“意图”、“目的”、“倾向”等意思的动词、形容词后面经常要跟不定式，而表示同样意思的名词后面经常需要用不定式做定语
7 y) Y$ l4 L& r& S4 e* y5 ]$ R例句：
Having lost the election, the presidential candidate intend to support the opposition despite the objections of his staff.
0 ~( n$ j+ }2 a. H) tMany modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other than light in their photographs.
! D% m( h- j- H. ?- @这样的动词还有tend,  plan,  expect,  endeavor,  try,  wish等
, g+ F4 J( t% P9 V1 j  W) nHe is anxious to go home.
7 V+ l2 O" w7 }5 E2 |% f: uI am inclinded to work in Shanghai.
这样的形容词还有able, apt, eager, glad, ready, likely等
: s! G* K# f  ]& xA loan may be acknowledged by a bond , a promissory note, or a mere promise to repay.
  g$ E# i+ _1 p1 \. S; X, p3 |7 `He has the inclination to grow fat.
1 d! ~5 H' a, j4 W4 M8 h( R  ]这样的名词还有ablility , effort , attempt, anxiety,determination, inclination, plan 等
例题：
# m( v7 K7 f6 R; r) [(1)
  l0 Y" h2 s6 G& M. R Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability ----emotional depth to her songs.
  (A) be giving
: ^7 U( c. f8 g8 v- n; H  (B) are given
  (C) being given
  (D) to give
& F! g  c4 E5 s% n, j8 f  k. x5 ]* u答案：D
' ?: X6 C! a* U& G1 m0 X: G解释：此句主谓俱全, 主语reputation, 谓语rests on, 缺少宾语ability的修饰成分. 根据谓语唯一原则可首先排除A B； C是被动式, 后面不能有宾语, 亦可排除; D为不定式作定语, the ability to do即做某事的能力